心理障碍者透析文件翻译－中英对照
帮助心理障碍的员工应对挑战和角色改变，从而最大化其知识和技能的使用
为普通的从业者和需要处理各种焦虑、抑郁和酗酒问题的卫生访视员提供心理健康咨询服务
扶持房东，训练那些工作与长期有精神困扰的人一起的员工，使其免于疾病，强调个人责任
扶持护理者，培训和扶持志愿者，为老年人提供服务。
有很多书面文件以“咨询”的名称，表示分享心理学的方法。这个名词并不能完全包含当前作家想到的分享活动（见表8），它更适合如美国这样的国家，市场经济更强调人性化服务，而英国的传统是普遍的全国健康服务。尽管如此，在心理咨询服务领域，产生了很多关于分享心理学的领先理念，现在我们就来看看这些理念。
咨询：这是什么以及这不是什么
关于咨询有很多定义（见Ketterer1981，p127或者A.Brown，1984，p.3的举例），很多包括了下列普通元素：
咨询是一个需要向其他人（客户）提供服务的个人（咨询者）自愿向另外一个认定为有特别专业知识，可以帮助咨询者向他/她的客户提供更好服务的人（顾问）请教的过程
所以，咨询通常指的是一种三人组合的工作，介入的三方为顾问，咨询者和客户。例如，这三方可以是一个教育或学校心理学家（顾问），学校老师（咨询者）和学生（客户）。也可以说这三方包含一个心理健康专家，一个普通医疗从业者和一个病人。每一方可能所代表的不只是一个人：顾问可以是一个团队（例如家庭治疗组），寻求帮助的人可能是一些咨询者（例如一个机构或工作团队），寻求的帮助可能是为一些客户或咨询者的全部客户群提供服务（例如如何处理有特殊问题的客户，普通的班级管理，进行特殊项目）。因为个性化服务范围很广，提供这种服务的个人类型很多，所以咨询的可能性显然有非常不同。
为了更准确的定义咨询，很多作家都困扰于如何区别咨询关系和其他可能混淆的关系。其中，Caplan（1970）首先给出著述，该书至今是该课题最有影响力的一本著述，最初给出了课题的整个框架，即“心理健康咨询”。他希望能够弄清楚咨询并不包含管理或者教育或者其他类似的过程，两个人有上下级关系，下级没有找寻其他搭档，继续或者中止这个关系，或者设定日程的自由。顾问和咨询者的关系是合作的，并不是设定等级制权威的紧张状态，双方不存在压力。顾问对于咨询者的工作没有责任，咨询者也不一定要对顾问的建议或者影响作出回应。这是Caplan关于咨询的理念的基础。很多人都遵照这个理念。他预想顾问和咨询者是不同专业领域的人，他们在不同的机构工作，因此他认为要保持其独立性，促进双方的这种合作关系。这种关系是主张平等性，顾问有咨询者需要的专业知识，咨询者是需要付费的客户。
Support and train and volunteers to provide service for the elder
There are a lot of paperwork "consult" and chaim to share psychology method. This noun is not entirely contains the writer think of sharing activities (see table 8). It is more appropriate for countries such as the United States market economy more emphasizes the humanized service, and British tradition is common of the national health service. However, in the field of counseling, produce the leading idea of sharing a lot about psychology, now it's time to look at these concepts.
Consultation: and this is not what is this
There are many definitions about consulting (see Ketterer1981, as or a. one, 1984, p. 3, for example), a lot including the following common elements:
Consulting is a need to other people (clients) to provide services of individual voluntary (consultant) to another as a special professional knowledge, can help counselors to his/her customers with better service (consultant) consult process
So, consultation is usually refers to a trio of work, involved three parties as a consultant, consultant and client. For example, the three parties can be an education or school psychologists (consultant), school teachers (consultants) and students (client). Could this tripartite contains a mental health professionals, a general medical practitioner and a patient. Each party may represent not just one: advisers can be a team (such as family therapy group), may be some of those who seek help consultants (such as an organization or work team), seeking help may be for some clients and consultants all customers to provide services (such as how to deal with customers with special problems, ordinary class management, special projects). Because a wide range of personalized services, provides the service personal type many, the possibility of consulting is so obviously have very different.
In order to more accurately define consulting, many writers have troubled with how to distinguish between consulting relationship and other possible confusion. , Caplan (1970) the first writing, the book is by far the most influential the subject of a book to write, the original subject of the entire framework is given, and the "mental health counseling. He hopes to be able to understand management does not include consultancy or education or other similar process, two people have parent-child relationships, not looking for other partner at a lower level, to continue or suspend the relationship, or the freedom agenda. Advisers and counselors is the relationship between cooperation, not set tension of hierarchical authority, there is no pressure on both sides. Consultant for consultant's work without responsibility, consultants to also do not want to respond to the consultant's advice or influence. The basis of the concept of this is Caplan about consulting. A lot of people follow the idea. He thought is different in the field of professional advisers and consultants, they work in different institutions, therefore he thought to maintain its independence, promote both sides of the partnership. This relationship is advocating equality, consultants have counselors need professional knowledge, counselors is need to pay the customer.
2014.9.18