论文-心理干扰概念的有效性-中英对照
主题干扰概念的有效性被质疑，其他人也怀疑咨询在短时间内改变干扰的能力。此外，金字塔扩散效应的概念，认为咨询者从专业案例中所学到的适用于未来的客户，这个说法有时也得不到支持。其中主要的批评在于将顾问和咨询者的关系假定为平等的或合作的。很多人认为这与Caplan法的确定特征不符。例如弱化或隐藏了咨询者的困难分析，着重诊断咨询者缺乏客观性的原因以及顾问给出一个计划来纠正咨询者的困难，却没有让咨询者了解到其咨询的客观性。
Caplan的观点是，保证顾问和咨询者之间的平等关系非常重要，关于咨询者缺乏客观性或其他的问题的真实情况需要隐瞒。虽然在他关于咨询过程的著作中，被理解成微妙温和的欺骗的味道。例如，他在书中（1970，第9章）咨询者中心案例咨询中，给出的引申例子，他就顾问（非他本人）和一个公共卫生护士咨询会议的誊抄本进行评论，这个护士对其患晚期癌症的男性病人和他家人很担心，她对于他所看到的病人妻子和未成年孩子负面的，无益的态度和行为尤其担心。顾问似乎得出结论，该护士并没有告知她或家人这个病人很快会死。不告知其将死的信息并非这个护士在其专业位置应该发生的事情，顾问就病人妻子和她承认并面对病人即将到来的死亡的能力进行了讨论，间接的处理了这个困难。Caplan将这个例子视为个人介入，护士过分介入一个喜好的病人，从而没有告知他要死的事实。这或者也是一个主题干扰的例子，主题是“所有照顾一个将死的人在这个人死的时候都会受到责备，因为他们没有成功的救治他。”一些近期的修正和发展
有很多人试图修正Caplan法，克服这些理解上的缺点或者赋予其特定的目的。其中就有Spratley（1987），他提到咨询者担心客户的酗酒问题的一种咨询途径。酗酒问题是很多专业领域的工作家频繁面临的客户问题的例子，大部分人没有受过处理这类问题的培训或经验，觉得处理这类常见人群很困难。
Theme of the concept of interference effectiveness has been questioned, the others doubt consulting in a short period of time change interference ability. In addition, the concept of the pyramid diffusion effect, the consultants from professional case learned apply to future customers, the term is also sometimes. The main criticism is that the relation between the advisers and consultants is assumed to be equal or cooperation. Many people think that it does not accord with Caplan method to determine the characteristics. Such as difficulty in weakening or hide the consultant's analysis, emphasize diagnosis consultants for lack of objectivity and consultants give a plan to correct the difficulty of consultants, consultants did not realized that the objectivity of the consultation.
Caplan points of view is to ensure the equal relationship between consultants and consultants is very important, about the consultants lack objectivity or the actual circumstances of the other problems need to hide. Although in his book about the process of consultation, understood as subtle gentle deception. For example, in his book (1970, chapter 9) cases consultants center for consultation, the extension of examples given, he consultant (not his) and a public health nurse on the transcripts of transcription of the counseling sessions, the nurse man presented to its suffering from terminal cancer and his family was worried, she for the patient that he saw his wife and children negative, unhelpful attitude and behavior especially worried about. Advisers seem to come to the conclusion that the nurse did not inform the patient or family will die soon. Not told that their dying information isn't the nurse should happen in their professional position, consultants to the patient wife and she admitted and with the ability of the coming death patient are discussed, and indirectly to deal with the difficulties. Caplan will this example as a personal intervention, the nurse too much a patient preferences, so as to not tell the fact that he will die. This or is an example of a theme interference, theme is "all the people who take care of a dying at the time of this death will blame, because they have no successful treatment for him."
Some recent revision and development
There are a lot of people tried to fixed Caplan, understanding to overcome these shortcomings or give its specific purpose. Including Spratley (1987), he mentioned consultants to worry about the client's drinking problem a means of consulting. Alcoholism is a lot of work in the field of professional home frequent examples of customer problems, most people have not been dealing with this kind of training or experience, find it hard to deal with this kind of common people.
2014.9.23