混凝土保护层翻译-中英对照
Concrete protective layer
由于槽内蓄冰盘管为落地安装，设备重量较大，不能直接放置在保温、防水层上，需要在玻璃钢防水层上浇注60mm厚混凝土保护层。
Since the ice-on-pipe is very heavy and installed on the ground, it is impossible to place it on the heat conservation and water resistance layer. 60mm concrete protective layer should be grouted on the glass steel water resistance layer.
1) 原材料的要求
Requirements of raw materials
采用不低于C20混凝土。
No lower than C20 concrete should be adopted.
2) 混凝土的搅拌与运输
Mixing and transportation of concrete
本施工部位使用商品混凝土，混凝土到场后采用人工运输至施工部位。
Commercial concrete should be adopted for this construction. After arrival at the construction site, the concrete should be transported to the relevant part manually.
商品混凝土运至现场时必须随车带来运输小票，45天内必须提供混凝土出厂合格证。搅拌站应保证原材质量并保证混凝土原始资料的可追溯性。
The transportation receipt must be brought with the vehicle once commercial concrete reach the site. The manufacturing certificate of concrete must be provided within 45 days. The mixing station should ensure the quality of raw materials and also ensure that the original materials of concrete can be traced.
3) 钢筋施工
Construction of reinforced steel bar
施工准备
Preparation
①. 应根据施工图与预算统计钢筋使用量安排钢筋采购，应选择有信誉、有实力的钢厂作为原材提供方。
Reinforced steel bars should be purchased according to the construction chart and demand estimation. Steek plants with excellent credit and strength should be selected as raw materials supliers.
②. 钢筋堆放实行挂牌制度，未经检验的钢筋不得使用，不得与经检验的钢筋混堆。
The notice system should be executed for reinforced steel bar storage. It is forbidden to use un-inspected reinforced steel bars, nor are they allowed to mix up with inspected ones.
③. 工程技术人员应于开工前认真熟悉图纸，搞清设计意图和细部构造，进行图纸会审和设计交底，挑错误找毛病，及时办理图纸变更与洽商。
The project technical personnel should familiarize themselves with charts before construction commencement, make clear the design intentions and etailed structure, conduct discussion and design handover, find oout mistakes and handle chart changes and negotiations in a timely manner.
钢筋原材
Raw material of reinforced steel bar
①. 本工程钢筋必须采用符合现行国家标准规定的合格钢筋，钢筋应有出厂合格证与复试合格报告单，每捆（盘）钢筋均应有标志。
Eligible reinforced steel bars according with current national standards must be adopted. The steel bars must have manufacturing certificates and report certificate of re-testing. Every bundle (tray) of reinforced steel bars should have obvious signs.
②. 进场时应按直径d分批检验，标志与外观检查合格后按规定抽取试样作力学性能试验，合格后方可使用。
Reinforced steel bars should be inspected by batches according to diameter/ After sign and apperance inspection with eligibilities, samples should be selected according to relevant stipulations for mechanical performance testing. They are not allowed to be used until they have been proved eligible.
③. 钢筋在运输和储存时，不得损坏标志，按批分别堆放整齐，避免锈蚀或油污。
In the transportation and storage, it is forbidden to damage the signs. The steel bars should be stored batch by batch in a well ordered way to avoid rusting or greas.
钢筋加工
Processing of reinforced steel bar
①. 盘条钢筋现场用钢筋调直机调直。
Reinforced steel bar straightener should be adopted for coiled steel bars.
②. 钢筋加工前钢筋工长应根据设计图纸与实际放样绘制钢筋下料单，钢筋车间加工的钢筋形状、尺寸必须与下料单相符。
Before processing operations, the head of steel bars should work out the charging list according to the design chart and actual charts. The shape and dimension of reinforced steel bar processed in the workshop must accord with the list.
③. 钢筋表面应洁净、无损伤，油渍、漆污和铁锈应在使用前清除干净。带有颗粒状或片状老锈的钢筋不得使用。
The surface of reinforced steel bars should be clean with no damage, grease, paint dirt and iron rust which should be eliminated before use. It is forbidden to use particle and rusted steel bars.
④. 钢筋应平直，无局部曲折。
The reinforced steel bars should be straight with no partial bending.
⑤. 钢筋的弯钩或弯折应符合下列规定：
The bent hook or bending of reinforced steel bars should accord with the following stipulations:
a. Ⅰ级钢筋末端需要作180o弯钩，其圆弧弯曲直径D不应小于钢筋直径d的2.5倍，平直部分长度不小于3d。
The end of Level I steel bar should have 180o bent hook with its arc bending diameter D no less than 2.5 times of steel bar diameter d. The straight part should be no less than 3d in length.
b. Ⅱ级钢筋末端需作90o或135o弯折时，弯曲直径D不小于4d，平直部分长度按设计要求确定。
Once it is required to have 90o or 135o bending at the end of Level II steel bar, the bending diameter D should be no less than 4d. The length of straight part should be confirmed according to the design requirements.
c. 弯起钢筋中间部位弯折处的弯曲直径D，不应小于5d。
The bending diameter (D) at the bent position in the middle of bent reinforced steel bar should be no less than 5d.
⑥. 钢筋加工的允许偏差（mm）
Permitted error of processed reinforced steel bar (mm)
项目 Item 允许偏差Permitted Error
受力钢筋顺长度方向全长的净尺寸
Net dimension of stressed steel bar along the length direction ±10
弯起钢筋的弯折位置
Bending position of bent steel bar ±20
⑦. 钢筋在加工过程中，如发现脆断、焊接性能不良或力学性能显著不正常等现象应立即停止加工，封存已加工的同批钢筋构件，并上报项目经理部，不得自行处理。
In case of any fragile breaking, poor welding performance and obviously abnormal mechanical performance in the processing operation, the processing operation must be stopped immediately. The same batch of reinforced steel bar components should be sealed up and reported to the Project Manager Department. No one is allowed to handle the situation personally.
钢筋连接
Connection of reinforced steel bar
①. 本工程主筋用套管冷挤压连接。
Sleeve cold pressing connection method should be adopted the main bars.
②. 钢筋绑扎：reinforced steel bar binding:
a. 钢筋的交叉点用铁丝扎牢。
The crossed point of reinforced steel bar should be tightened with wires.
b. 绑扎网和绑扎骨架的允许偏差（mm）
Permitted error of binding net and binding framework is as follows (mm):
项目 Item 允许偏差Permitted Error
网的长、宽 length and width ±10
网眼尺寸net hole dimension ±20
骨架的宽及高width and height of frame ±5
骨架的长length of frame ±10
箍筋间距distance of stirrup ±20
受力钢筋stressed reinforced steel bar 间距 distance ±10
排距 row distance ±5
③. 绑扎接头：
Joint binding:
a. 搭接长度的末端距钢筋弯折处，不得小于10d，接头不宜位于构件的最大弯矩处。
The distance between the end of lap joint length and bending place of reinforced steel bar should be no less than 10d; the joint should not be placed in the maximum torque place of structure;
b. Ⅰ级钢筋绑扎接头的末端应做弯钩。
The end of Level I steel bar binding joint should be hook-shaped;
c. 钢筋搭接处，应在中心和两端用铁丝扎牢。
In the steel bar lap jointing place, iron wires should be adopted to fasten the central place and two ends.
钢筋位置误差预控方法
Pre-control method of reinforced steel bar position error
钢筋编好后，利用预制好的钢筋梯状模架，按精确弹线的尺寸架设好，以模架为基准安装钢筋，同时使保护尺寸准确牢固，模板上口钢筋浇注混凝土时绑上水平控制梯状模架，防止钢筋位移，池底板设通长马蹬，间距1m，顶板钢筋设马蹬架空，梅花形布置，最大间距不大于1m。
After arrangement of reinforced steel bars, pre-made ladder-shaped supports should be adopted to support well according to the precise dimension. The reinforced steel bars should be installed on the basis of mould support. At the same time, the protective dimension should be accurate and firm. In the concrete grouting in the upper mouth of moulding plate, horizontal ladder-shaped moulding support should be bound to prevent steel bar displacement. Stirrup with a distance of 1m should be set up in the bottom plate. Blossom-shaped stirrup support should be set up in the top plate reinforced steel bars with a maximum distance of no more than 1m.
钢筋和接头试验
Reinforced steel bar and joint testing
每批钢筋应在进场后按公司《质量保证手册》中规定进行抽样复试，并分门别类码放，并明确标识。其中分红、绿、黄、白种颜色。白色表示刚进场未检，黄色表示已检尺待验，绿色表示已合格，可以投入使用，而红色表示不合格。
Every batch of reinforced steel bars should be given sampling re-testing after site entry according to stipulations in the Quality Guarantee Manual. Furthermore, they should be placed in terms of categories plus obvious signs. Red, green, yellow and white can be selected. White represents site entry withou inspection; yellow represents inspection and awaiting checking; green represents eligibility and ready for use; red represents ineligibility.
钢筋原材进行试验，如果力学试验不合格或是进口钢筋，则应进行五元素分析试验。钢筋接头要进行焊接和机械连接试验，其中有30%的试验量，要有监理人员监督的取样过程。试验合格的钢材和连接工艺方可使用。
In case of ineligibility in the mechanical testing of raw reinforced steel bars or in case of imported reinforced steel bars, five elements analysis and testing should be conducted. Welding and mechanical connection testing should be conducted to the steel bar joint. 30% testing amount should be have the sampling process under the supervision of relevant personnel. Eligible steel materials and connection techniques can be adopted.
4) 混凝土的浇注
Concrete grouting
①. 施工准备
Construction preparation
人员组织
Personnel organization
现场设总调度长一名，混凝土浇注前由总调度先进行各方面协调、联络和布置，施工时由总调度进行总指挥处理各处关系，保证施工的有序进行，同时根据现场情况，协调混凝土的运输速度。
One general dispatcher should be designated on the construction site. Before the concrete grouting operation, the general dispatcher should conduct coordination, contact and arrangement in various aspects. During the construction, the general dispatcher should be responsible for the settlement of various relations to ensure well ordered construction. He should, according to the site condition, coordinate the transportation speed of concrete.
在劳动力的配备上充分考虑搅拌、运输、浇注、换班各个环节因素的影响。
In the respect of labor preparation, elements in various procedures including mixing, transportation, grouting and shift change should be taken into adequate consideration.
操作分组
Operation groups
振动操作组（包括下料、平仓、振捣）：6人
Vibration operation group (including charging, flattening and vibrating): 6 persons
混凝土表面压光组：1人
Concrete surface pressing and polishing group: 1 person
养护组：1人
Maintenance group: 1 person
钢筋组：8人
Reinforced steel bar group: 8 persons
木工组：1人
Woodwork group: 1 person
其他：2人
Others: 2 person
机具准备
Preparation of machines and tools
提前准备平板振捣器1套，检查是否能正常使用，接好电源。检查安全设施有效可靠。
One set of plate virator should be prepared in advance. It should be checked for normal status and the power should be switched on. Safety facilities should be checked for effectiveness and reliability.
施工顺序安排
Construction order
蓄冰槽分为两部分，先进行一个冰槽保护板的施工，一次浇注完成。
The ice tank can be divided into two parts: construction of ice tank protective plate; grouting operation.
②. 混凝土浇筑
Concrete grouting
浇注时应注意的要点：
The following points should be paid special attention in the grouting operation:
a. 在浇注工序中，要保证混凝土供应量，不得出现长时间间歇供应现象。
In the grouting order, the concrete supply should be ensured with no long time rest condition.
b. 浇注过程中，应经常观察模板、支架、钢筋、预埋件的情况，当发现有变形、移位时，应立即停止浇注，并立即采取措施在已浇注的混凝土凝结前修整完好。
In the grouting operation, workers should frequently observe the mould, support, reinforced steel bar and pre-buried parts. In case of any deformation and displacement, the workers should stop the grouting immediately and adopt necessary measures for modification before coagulation of grouted concrete.
c. 混凝土浇注过程中平板振捣器应直上直下地使用，所振部位的混凝土返出泥浆不再冒出气泡为准，每次振捣布点间距要均匀，严格控制振捣间距、振捣时间，防止交接部位出现漏振，同时也须防止过振而过量返浆。
In the concrete grouting operation, the plate vibrator should be used in a vertical way. No air bubbles in the return concrete slurry in the vibrating part is OK. The distance between every vibrating point should be even. The vibrating distance and time should be under strict control to prevent any leaked vibration in the joint part and also prevent excessive vibration which leads to excessive slurry return.
d. 混凝土浇注温度不宜超过35℃，浇注间隙不得超过初凝时间，对于接缝处应仔细振捣，以求密实。待1～2h后再进行抹压收光，以防裂缝出现。终凝后，即进行养护，抗渗混凝土养护时间不得少于3天。
The concrete grouting temperature should not exceed 35℃ and the grouting distance should not exceed the initial coagulation time. Joint places should be vibrated carefully to ensure tightness. After 1-2 hours, pressing and polishing operation should be conducted to prevent cracks. The maintenance should conducted after final coagulation. The leakage resistance concrete maintenance should be no less than three days.
③. 混凝土养护
Concrete maintenance
降低混凝土块体里外温度和减慢降温速度来达到降低块体自约束应力和提高混凝土抗拉强度，以承受外约束应力时的抗裂能力，对混凝土的养护是非常重要的。混凝土浇注后，应及时进行浇水养护，保持混凝土处于湿润状态，养护3天。
The temperature of inside and outside of concrete blocks should be lowered and the temperature cooling speed should be slowed down in order to lower the self-restriction and upgrade the stretch resistance strength of concrete so as to bear anti-crack capacity in the external restriction force. This is highly important for concrete maintenance. After concrete grouting, water should be filled in a timely manner. The concrete should be wet for three days.
④. 混凝土裂纹控制措施
Control measures of concrete cracks
混凝土中裂纹的产生和发展，应主要从降低混凝土温度应力和提高混凝土的极限抗拉强度来控制，确保施工过程的各个环节都是非常重要的，具体措施如下：
Emergency and development of concrete cracks should be controlled through lowering the concrete temperature stress and upgrading the concrete limit stretch resistance strength so as to ensure smooth operation in various procedures. The concrete measures are as follows:
a. 在满足设计强度要求的基础上，控制水泥用量，以减少混凝土内部温度。
On the basis of design strength requirements, the cement should be controlled to reduce the internal concrete temperature.
b. 混凝土中掺加减水剂。目的是减少用水量，减少混凝土中水化热量，避免混凝土干燥收缩和裂缝产生。
Water reducer should be added to the concrete for the purpose of reducing water and the heat of hydration so as to avoid shrinkage of concrete and emergency of cracks.
c. 混凝土中掺加粉煤灰。粉煤灰的掺入不仅可以替代部分水泥，明显地降低混凝土的水化热，而且还可以改善混凝土的流动性便于运送。
Pulverized coal should be added to the concrete. This can not only replace some cement and obviously reduce the heat of hydration in the concrete, but also improve the liquidity of concrete and thus brings convenience for transportation.
d. 严格控制砂、石质量，采用中砂，石子采用5～40级配石，含泥量控制在1.5%，可提高混凝土的抗拉强度。
Sand and stone quality should be under strict control. Intermediate sand should be adopted while Level 5-40 stones should be adopted. The mud content should be within the scope of 1.5% which can upgrade the stretch resistance strength of concrete.
5) 注意事项
Attention
混凝土板保护层施工在冰槽防水、保温施工完工后进行，在钢筋编织、混凝土浇注时需要做好对玻璃钢防水层的保护，以免对玻璃钢防水层造成破坏而使以前的工作前功尽弃。
The concrete plate protective layer construction should be conducted after the completion of ice tank water resistance and heat conservation construction. In the reinforced steel bar knitting and concrete grouting operations, efforts should be made to protect the glass steel water resistance layer to avoid damage to it and thus lead to failure.
2012.12.18