地基标准规定论证翻译-中英对照
田核扩建工程厂址内特殊地质体岩体属破碎～极破碎，风化等级为中～强风化，岩体基本质量等级为Ⅳ～Ⅴ级，带内岩石物理力学指标与周围微风化－新鲜基岩的物理力学指标差异很大，特殊地质体通过的3＃核岛的9UKT、UKT、UQB、UKD和4＃核岛UBS等建筑物的地基属不均匀地基（详见第10章）。
（1）《核电厂抗震设计规范》（GB50267－97）第5章规定，对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类物项，“不应选取在水平方向上由力学性质差异很大的岩土，也不应选取一部分为人工地基而另一部分为天然地基同一结构单元的地基”。但这一条款不是禁止性条款，在该规范第5章的条文说明中有如下说明：“核电厂主要物项的地基，原则上应是具有良好承载力的稳定地基。但其中常存在各种薄弱面。有些Ⅰ、Ⅱ类物项不可避免地修建在软弱地基、各向异性和不均匀性显著的地基上，因此均应对沿软弱层的滑动、地基承载力等进行专门的详细验算，必要时还须作震陷计算。”也就是说，只要地基是稳定的，Ⅰ、Ⅱ类物项建在不均匀性显著的地基上也是可以的。通过分析评价，3＃核岛UKT、UQB、UKD、UKA、9UKT和4＃核岛UBS等建筑物的地基是稳定的（详见第10章）。因此扩建工程核岛建筑物建在特殊地质体通过地段可以满足《核电厂抗震设计规范》（GB50267－97）的规定。
（2）《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011－2001)3.3.1条（强制性条款）规定：“选择建筑场地时，应根据工程需要，掌握地震活动情况、工程地质和地震地质的有关资料，对抗震有利、不利和危险地段作出综合评价。对不利地段，应提出避开要求；当无法避开时应采取有效措施；不应在危险地段建造甲、乙、丙类建筑。”根据该规范4.1.1条的规定（表11-1），扩建工程建筑场地特殊地质体通过地段属于抗震不利地段，不是危险地段。对于抗震不利地段，只要采取有效的地基处理措施，可以建设抗震Ⅰ、Ⅱ类物项。特殊地质体可以通过地基处理得到改善，无论是静态还是动态稳定性均可满足设计要求，这已被大量的水利水电工程大坝地基处理工程实践所证实。因此扩建工程核岛建筑物建在特殊地质体通过地段可以满足《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011－2001)的规定。
（3）《岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50021-2001)第5.8节规定，对建筑场地中存在的非活动断裂可不采取避让措施，但当浅埋且破碎带发育时，可按不均匀地基处理。扩建工程特殊地质体不是活动断裂，其通过的3＃核岛UKT、UQB、UKD、UKA、9UKT和4＃核岛UBS等建筑物地基是不均匀地基，只要进行适当的地基处理即可满足设计要求。因此扩建工程核岛建筑物建在特殊地质体通过地段可以满足《岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50021－2001)的规定。
表11-1 建筑抗震有利、不利和危险地段的划分
地段类别 地质、地形、地貌
有利地段 稳定基岩，坚硬土，开阔、平坦、密实、均匀的中硬土
不利地段 软弱土，液化土，条状突出的山嘴，高耸孤立的山丘，非岩质的陡坡，河岸和边坡的边缘，平面分布上成因、岩性、状态明显不均匀的土层（如故河道、疏松的断层破碎带、暗埋的塘浜沟谷和半填半埋地基）等
危险地段 地震时可能发生滑坡、崩塌、地陷、地裂、泥石流等及发震断裂带上可能发生地表位错的部位
引自《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)
田湾核电站扩建工程厂址上的特殊地质体不是能动断层，其通过的3＃核岛UKT、UQB、UKD、UKA、9UKT和4＃核岛UBS等建筑物地基属不均匀地基，但地基是稳定的。通过11.1和11.2节的分析论证，扩建工程厂址上有特殊地质体通过不会产生安全问题，厂址是适宜的。核岛建筑物建在特殊地质体通过地段，其地基经过处理，可以满足核安全法规、导则和国家标准的规定。
12.结论
（1）特殊地质体是一条发育于基岩中的局部存在的老断层，晚更新世以来没有活动，不是能动断层。
（2）特殊地质体的存在不影响厂址的可接受性。
（3）在平面上呈左旋羽列式排列，单个特殊地质体的走向为NW-SE；在竖向上近于直立。
（4）在勘探范围内特殊地质体向下变窄并尖灭了，尖灭深度不超过标高-100m。
（5）由于特殊地质体的存在，扩建工程3＃核岛的9UKT、UKT、UQB、UKD和4＃核岛UBS厂房地基为不均匀地基。
（6）特殊地质体的存在不影响建筑物地基的稳定性。
（7）特殊地质体抗震计算参数可以按表9-10采用。
Applying Eight Major Advanced Technologies GW4C20 Gasoline Engine of Great Wall Motor Was Successfully Ignited
On October 16th, GW4C20 gasoline engine -- another gasoline powered unit with mid-level emission and high-power was successfully ignited in Power Research Institute of Great Wall Motor. This is a further development of motor engine after the fourth day of GW4D20 diesel engine appearing in the market. The dynamics parameters of the engine are improved by 50% higher than that of traditional 2.0L engine and the specific fuel consumption was reduced by 15%, which may be satisfied with the Euro V emission standard and reached the EU V standard above.
The key technology partner, president of Delphi Asia Pacific Brian Lower, engine experts, and some media attended the lighting ceremony, witnessed the latest achievements of independent innovation of Great Wall Motor. Not long ago, another new R & D achievement of Great Wall Motor - GW4D20 diesel-powered passenger vehicle has just put on the market. It created four advanced international techniques, including automobile emission, power per liter, torque per liter, low noise and energy saving, which are highly appraised by engine experts. The GW4C20 successful ignition gasoline engine marks a new breakthrough once again in dynamic development of Great Wall Motor.
Low Emission High-power Applying Eight Advanced Core Technologies
GW4C20 is a 4-cylinder 16-valve engine, which applies 8 latest technologies, including fuel injection, exhaust turbocharger, intake and exhaust VVT, high-performance valve actuating mechanism, timing toothed silent chain, two sided balance shaft, sodium refilling valve, and high performance piston rod.
Fuel direct injection technology applies 150bar injection pressure to ensure high quality fuel atomization, which may greatly improve the fuel economy and cold starting performance of engine. By using the exhaust energy, exhaust turbocharger technology may improve the inlet pressure of engine and thereby improve the power and torque of engine. Intake and exhaust VVT engine may increases the intake air, reduce the residual gas and improve idle stability. High Performance valve actuating mechanism applies dual overhead camshaft. The hydraulic lifter shall automatically adjust the valve clearance to zero, eliminate the noise caused by the valve clearance, and improve engine power torque. Timing toothed silent chain may effectively improve the noise-damping performance of the engine. Two sided balance shaft plays a role to stabilize the fluctuations of inertia moment. The sodium refilling valve may reduce the valve weight by 6%, which may effectively reduce reciprocating inertia force of valve, so as to achieve a better thermal balance. The high performance piston rod applies lightweight design; the weight has reduced about 10%, thereby reduces the fuel consumption and improves the overall performance of NVH. Inflation rod may significantly improve the reliability of system.
The power of GW4C20 gasoline is about 160kW and the torque is 324Nm, which is much better than similar domestic level. Guaranteed by the first-class production facilities, it will become a leading product in mid-level passenger vehicle engines. Great Wall Motors only takes 9 months to complete the research and development of GW4C20 gasoline project, so even the power assembly engineering director of Delphi in Asia Pacific region Rod Rosie is also deeply surprised about it.
As early as 2000, Great Wall Motors is the first one to have its own modern engine factory with independent brand in China. In 2007, Great Wall Motors took the lead and started the war in small-displacement engine upgrading, and built a new modern engine base facilitated with international high-end equipments.
GREAT WALL ENGINE COMPANY is responsible for the development, trial production and production of engine product, which has five production lines of cylinder block, cylinder cover, crankshaft, assembly and hot-firing test. The production lines are all applied flexible production line with high-grade, precision and sophisticated equipments of international renowned brands. The annual capacity is up to 30 million units.
The cylinder block and cylinder cover production line in GREAT WALL ENGINE COMPANY workshop has applied the international advanced processing equipment: The precision of HELLER high speed machining center is up to 0.007mm; NAGEL honing automatic lines and automatic online measurement of Italian MARPOSS machine with the precision of millionth of a millimeter, are all well-known international industry with high-end brands. The whole line applied motorized roller for automatic transmission; Germany imported equipments ensure the machining accuracy, consistency and size of crankshaft production line required in automation; assembly line may satisfy the collinear production of 1.5L ~ 0.8L models. It not only satisfies the stability of assembly precision and avoids the torque bias as well. It is reported that, GW4C20 gasoline engine has already started to develop the engine performance combined with vehicle operation and is expected to appear in market in 2012, which mainly applied in the power matching of high-end SUV, C-class passenger car and commercial vehicle.
2013.7.22