奥氏体不锈钢焊接-中英对照
奥氏体不锈钢的一般性焊接规则是尽可能使用低热量放入焊接，以避免基材中热影响区(HAZ)的敏化。因此要遵守以下
规则：
a. 出于敏化风险的考虑，对承包商在焊接规范中列出的焊接参数进行筛选。
b. 层间温度不得超过120摄氏度。
c. 不同材料的焊接，例如：碳钢焊接至奥氏体不锈钢时，焊接终端与合金填充材料之间最小焊缝距离为1.5mm。不允许
无填充材料的焊接。
d. 焊接修补的总量应该受限制。不锈钢304和306基材的焊接不能用于超过两处局部修补。如需更多修补，准备新的接
头同时移开至距热影响区5mm处。
e. 无需预热
f. 不允许特有大型号的电极。
特别注意接头准备和不锈钢处理的工作。不锈钢表面必须无低碳钢或其他有害材料的污染。所有的卡扣、临时附加装
置、垫板、插脚，隔断及吊环等都必须采用不锈钢制作或镀不锈钢。工具和研磨盘必须适用于不锈钢材料。不锈钢不
得直接接触低碳钢。
使用不锈钢刷及时处理或清洁不锈钢焊接处并钝化。
12 射线照相检查
承包商采取射线照相检查焊接接头。
在必要的热处理之后进行检查。
根据国际焊接人员培训与资格认证体系IIW中“焊接参考射线照片的收集”来评估薄膜情况。绿色度应达到国际焊接人员
培训与资格认证体系3 的要求且无根部无缺陷。
如果检查因承包商的缘故须重复第二次，承包商应支付重复检查的费用。
13 管制当局
除非经买方批准，否则在任何经测试与验证合格的容器或管路系统上焊接将是不被允许的。
承包商在任何经测试与验证合格的压力容器或管路系统上进行焊接，必须使用合格的焊接工，并对全部检验，测试与
重新验证以及管制当局和/买方要求的费用负责。
14 测试与抽样
无论何种情况下，管制当局和/或买方一旦提出要求，承包商都应按买方和/或管制当局提出针对不同材料和工艺样品，
以及工程中指定使用或即将使用的制成品的要求交样件给他们审批。
15 焊接修补
焊接错误的更正应完全让买方满意。所有的修补和额外检验的费用都应由承包商承担。
16 防腐蚀处理，修补涂装
在完成焊接工作并通过买方批准后，承包商应履行或补充表面处理。
WELDING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
As a general rule austenitic stainless steel shall be welded with as low heat input as possible to avoid sensitizing of the heat
affected zone (HAZ) in the base material. Therefore the following rules shall apply:
a. The welding parameters in the Welding Specifications worked out by the Contractor shall be selected due to the risk of
sensitizing.
b. The inter-pass temperature shall not exceed 120 deg. C
c. The welding of dissimilar materials, e.g. carbon steel to austenitic stainless steel shall be performed with a minimum gap of 1.5
mm between the weld ends and with over alloyed filler material. Welding without filler material is not permitted.
d. The amount of weld repairs shall be limited. Welds of AISI 304 and 316 base materials may not be subject to more than two
local repairs. If more repairs are required, a new joint preparation must be carried out removing the HAZ-material within 5 mm.
e. No preheating is allowed
f. Oversized electrodes are not permitted
Special attention shall be paid to the joint preparation and handling of stainless steel. The stainless surface must be prevented
from contamination of mild steel or other harmful materials. All clips, temporary attachments, strong back, bull pins, spacers,
lifting lugs etc. must be of stainless steel or plated with stainless steel. The tools, grinding discs etc. must be well adapted for
working with stainless steel. The stainless steel must never come directly into contact with mild steel.
Stainless steel welds shall immediately be pickled, cleaned mechanically with a stainless steel brush and passivated.
12 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
The Contractor carry out radiographic tests on welded joints.
The examination shall be performed after necessary heat treatments.
The films shall be evaluated in accordance with the IIW "Collection of Reference Radiographs of Welds". The requirement is
Degree Green (IIW 3) without any root defects.
If the examination is repeated for second times due to the faults by the Contractor, the Contractor shall pay the repeated
examination.
13 REGULATING AUTHORITIES
Welding on any tested and certified pressure vessel or piping system shall not be permitted unless specifically approved by the
Purchaser.
Where welding is carried out by the Contractor on any tested and certified pressure vessel or piping system, the Contractor shall
use certified welders and shall be responsible for all inspection, testing, recertification, and fees as required by the Regulating
Authorities and/or the Purchaser.
14 TESTING AND SAMPLING
Whenever so requested by the Purchaser and/or Regulating Authorities the Contractor shall submit for approval such samples as
the Purchaser and/or Regulating Authorities may require of the various materials, together with specimens of workmanship and
finish thereof, specified for, and intended to be used in the work.
15 REPAIR OF WELDS
The correction of weld faults shall be carried out to the entire satisfaction of the Purchaser. All costs of repairs and extended
examinations shall be carried out at the expense of the Contractor.
16 ANTI-CORROSION TREATMENT, TOUCH UP PAINTING
After the welding work is completed and accepted by the Purchaser, the Contractor shall perform or touch up the surface
treatment.
2014.8.12