电镀及油漆废水处理工程规划书
3.1.1 电化学处理机制
3.1.1. Electrochemistry processing mechanism
1.阳极氧化反应
1. Anodic oxidation reaction
⑴金属极隔板氧化成金属离子：电化学机机体内常用的极板和隔板为铁质板，在通电时阳极产生电解作用，将铁电解成为铁离子，而这些不同型态的铁离子恰好是去除分离污染物质所不可或缺的混凝剂，透过离子表面的电性而破坏污染物质的稳定进一步加以分离。
(1).The baffle of metal carbonyl electrode is oxidized to metal ions；the polar plate and baffle inside the electrochemistry unit are iron plate, the electrolysis action may be occurred when the current is switched on the positive pole, and electrolyzed iron into the iron ion. And different form of iron ion is the indispensable coagulant to get rid of and separate polluter, which destroy stability of polluter through the electric property of iron ion surface and implement the further separating process.
⑵水分子电解形成微细氧气气泡：废污水在电解时会产生极细气泡，在阳极表面产生的为氧气气泡，这些气泡会与污染物质颗粒结合，使污染物上浮速度增快。
(2).The water moisture electrolysis may form micro-fine bubble of oxygen: It will produce the superfine bubble when being electrolysis the effluent sewage, and produced the oxygen bubble on the surface of positive pole. These bubbles will be combined with polluter and particle, and the speed for pollutant to floating upward will be increased quickly.
⑶初生态氧对污染物质及色度物质氧化：在阳极板电解过程中，于阳极铁板表面会产生不断的电解氧化作用，其中在过程中会产生一种高氧化能力的初生态氧原子，对污染物的氧化破坏或是色度物质的氧化脱色能力十分有效。
(3).The oxidation of nascent oxygen to the polluter and color material: during the process of positive plate electrolysis, it will produce the constant electrolysis oxidation on the iron plate surface of positive pole. During this process it will produce one nascent oxygen atom with high electrolysis ability, which has a very effective ability to destroy or discolor the color material of pollutant.
2.阴极还原反应
2. The reduction reaction of negative pole
⑴水分子分解成微细氢气气泡及OH-：水在阴极会电解产生微细氢气气泡同样会与污染物质结合，使污染物上浮速度增快。另外在阴极所产生的氢氧根则是重金属去除时所不可或缺的离子，可将重金属污染物改变为溶解性较差的状态，以利于自废水中分离。
(1). The water moisture resolve into micro-fine bubble of hydrogen and OH-: Water will electrolyze and produce micro-fine bubble of hydrogen and combine with the polluter as well in the negative pole, and increase the speed of pollutant to floating upward. In addition the hydroxide radical produced in the negative pole is the indispensable ion in case of removing the heavy metal ion. It can change the heavy metal pollutant into dissolving worse state in order to benefit to separate it from the waste water.
⑵金属离子还原反应：废水中的金属离子在电化学反应时，部分会在阴极产生还原反应，而与铁质结合进而自水中分离。
(2).The metal ion reduction reaction: Some metal ion of the waste water will produce reduction reaction in negative pole in the electric chemical reaction and combine with the iron and then separate from the water.
3.混凝作用
3. Coagulation effect
⑴金属离子形成氢氧化合物：在阴极所产生的氢氧根与电解分离的铁形成数种氢氧化合物型态，产生具混凝效果的混凝物质。
(1).The hydrated oxide formed by metal ion: The hydroxide radical produced in the negative pole may form into several kinds of hydrated oxide with electrolyzed iron ion, and produced the coagulation t materials with congealing result.
⑵氢氧化合物与污染物质形成胶羽：这些不同的氢氧化合物会与污染物质快速结合产生许多微细颗粒。
(2).Hydrated oxide may combine with polluter and form floc: It produces a lot of micro-fine particles by the quick combination of these different hydrated oxides and the polluters.
⑶胶羽碰撞结合形成棉絮状污泥：由于颗粒间的碰撞凝聚，加上微细气泡结合，使产生的胶体呈现棉絮状，胶羽比重较小适合浮除分离。
(3).The floc may collide and form the mud of cotton fiber: Due to the collision and condensation among the particles, and with the combination of micro-fine bubble, the floc showed a structure of cotton fiber. The proposition of floc smaller that is suitable for floating separation.
4.浮除反应
4. Floating removal reaction
⑴微细气泡与污泥结合浮除至水面：气泡与污染物结合形成比重较小的棉絮状胶体，可上浮至水面利于撇除分离。
(1).The micro-fine bubble combines with the mud and floating to the surface of water: Bubbles are combined with pollutant and formed cotton fiber colloid with small proportion, which may floating upward to the surface of water for removal.
⑵污泥上浮速度快缩短停留时间：由于上浮速度较快可在较短的时间内完成分离。
(2). Quick floating speed so as to shorten the floating period of mud: Because the floating is fast that it is applicable to complete the separating process in a short period.
⑶污泥含水率可调整：在进行污染物分离的浮除槽中，可调整水面高低以控制撇除污泥的含水率。
(3).The mud moisture content is adjustable: In the floating removal groove of pollutant, it is applicable to adjust the level of water is by controlling the moisture content of the mud.
3.1.2 电化学废水处理基本流程
3.1.2. Basic procedure of electrochemical waste water treatment
废水→前处理机→电化学机→后处理机→浮除机→处理水
Waste water →The previous processing unit →Electrochemical machine →The later processing unit →Floating removal unit → water after treatment
1.前处理机：用以调整水质，主要为pH值，使废水易于产生电化学反应。
1. The previous processing unit: Used to adjust water quality, mainly the pH value, make the waste water apt to produce the electric chemical reaction.
2.电化学机：废水产生电化学反应的场所，必须通入直流电源。
2. Electrochemical machine: The place for producing electric chemical reaction, it is required to apply the direct current power supply.
3.后处理机：为使电化学反应后的污染物加速分离，在后处理机中加入少量混凝剂与絮凝剂，以加大污染颗粒的体积，利于分离。
3. The later processing unit: For accelerating separating speed of the pollutant after electrical chemical reaction, add a small amount of coagulant and the flocculant in the later processing unit, in order to strengthen the volume of the pollution particle so as to benefit for separating.
4.浮除机：使污染物与处理水进行分离的场所，污泥较轻往上漂浮，使用刮泥机将泥撇除，而澄清水则由下部通过导管流出，完成分离。
4.The Floating removal unit: Place for separating pollutant and water for treatment; the lighter mud may float upward, and the mud shaving machine shall separate the mud, and the clean water may flow out through the pipe of under-part, and finish separating process.
3.1.3 电化学废水处理优点
3.1.3 The advantage of electrochemical waste water treatment
1.停留时间短，约30分钟内可处理完成。占地面积小，约为传统化学混凝法的1/6～1/5。
1. Short dwell time, it is capable to finish the process within 30 minutes; small floor area, it is about 1/6- 1/5 of coagulating process of traditional chemistry.
2.污泥产量少，仅约传统化学混凝之2/3，操作成本低。
2. Small output of mud, only 2/3 of coagulating process of traditional chemistry, and low costs to operate.
3.可移动性高，当厂房拆迁或制程改变时仍可适用。
3. The high moving performance, it is still applicable at the time of removal of the factory building or change of processing procedure.
4.系统密闭，不会产生毒臭性气体逸散。
4. The airtight system, it will not produce the dissipation of poison smell gas.
5.土建工程少，施工容易，安装迅速
5. Small number of construction project of building, easy construction, and quick installation.
6.停机后恢复迅速，不影响车间制程废水排放。
6. Rapidly resuming performance after shot down, do not influence the waste water discharging of workshop procedure.
7.可批次或连续操作，并可进行全自动操作，以节省人力。
7. It is capable to operation in batch or continuous process, and can operate full-automatically, in order to save manpower.
8.对油脂、色度、重金属及SS等物质去除效果特佳。
8. It has a special good performance to get rid of the materials as oil, color, heavy metal and SS, etc.
9.适合多种水质处理，适用行业如：染整业、发电业、金属表面处理业、造纸业、电镀业、电子业、印刷电路板业、食品业、化工业、制革业、汽车修理业、垃圾场渗出水• • • •等。
9.Suitable for many kinds of water treatment, the application trade as: dyeing-finishing industry, power generating industry, metal surface processing industry, papermaking industry, electroplating industry, electron industry, printed circuit board industry, food industry, chemical industry, leather manufacturing industry, automobile repairing industry, and diffusion of dumping place, etc.
10.可以并联或串联方式搭配既有设施，节省经费。
10. It is capable to connect in parallel or in series to match present facilities, and save the cost.
3.2 MBR法简介
3.2 Brief introduction of MBR method
膜生物反应器（MBR）技术是膜分离技术与生物技术有机结合的新型废水处理技术，它利用膜分离设备将生化反应池中的活性污泥和大分子有机物截留住，省除二沉池。膜-生物反应器工艺通过膜的分离技术强化了生物反应器的功能，使活性污泥浓度大幅提高，其水力停留时间（HRT）和污泥停留时间（SRT）可以分别控制。
The technology of the membrane bioreactor (MBR ) is the new-type waste water treatment technology that combine the membrane separating technology and organized biotechnology technologh together. It utilizes membrane separating equipment to cut and keep active mud and macromolecule organic material that in the biochemistry reaction tank, and save the secondary sedimentation tank. Membrane- t bioreactor reaction unit has strengthened the function of the bioreactor through the separation technology of the membrane, which improve the density of active mud by a wide margin, and capable to controll the hydraulic retention time (HRT ) and the slude retention time (SRT ) respectively.
膜生物反应器的优越性主要表现在：
The superiority of the membrane bioreactor shows mainly:
1.对污染物的去除率高，抗污泥膨胀能力强，出水水质稳定可靠，出水中没有悬浮物；
1.High rate of pollutant removing, strong capability ot resist mud to expand, steady and reliable quality of surface water, and there are no suspended substance in processed water;
2.膜生物反应器实现了反应器污泥龄STR和水力停留时间HRT的分别控制，因而其设计和操作得到简化；
2.The membrane bioreactor has realized that separating controling of the sludge reactor STR and hydraulic retention time HRT, therefore it is simplified the designed and operated;
3.膜的机械截留作用避免了微生物的流失，生物反应器内可保持高的污泥浓度，从而能提高体积负荷，降低污泥负荷，具有极强的抗冲击能力；
3.The machanical retentaion performance of the membrane avoids the losses of microorganism. Itcan keep the high density of mud in the bioreactor, so as to improve volume of load, reduce mud load, and have extremely strong resisting and assaulting capability;
4.由于SRT很长，生物反应器又起到了“污泥硝化池”的作用，从而显著减少污泥产量，剩余污泥产量低，污泥处理费用低；
4.Because SRT is very long, the bioreactor plays a role of “the mud nitrified tank” again, thus significantly reduce mud output, and lower the output of surplus mud, and reduce the expense of mud processing;
5.由于膜的截流作用使SRT延长，营造了有利于增殖缓慢的微生物。如硝化细菌生长的环境，可以提高系统的硝化能力，同时有利于提高难降解大分子有机物的处理效率和促使其彻底的分解；
5.Because the retention function of the membrane makes SRT lengthen, and it has built the microorganism which reproduces slowly such as the environment for the growth of nitrifying bacterium, which may improve the nitrifying ability of system. At the same time, it help to improve the macromolecule organic materil which is difficult for treatment and impel the thorough decomposition;
6.较大的水力循环导致了污水的均匀混合，因而使活性污泥有很好的分散性，提高活性污泥的比表面积。MBR系统中活性污泥的高度分散是提高水处理的效果的又一个原因。这是普通生化法处理技术形成较大的菌胶团所难以相比的；
6.Greater water conservancy circulation has caused the evenly mixing of the sewage, therefore, it makes the active mud have fine dispersiveness performance, raise the surface area of active mud. The height scattering of the active mud is another reason for improving the result of water treatment in MBR system. This is difficult for the ordinary biochemical treatment to compared with to form a bigger zoogloea;
7.膜生物反应器易于一体化，易于实现自动控制，操作管理方便；
7.The membrane bioreactor is easy to be integrated, easy to realize automatical control, and convenient to operating;
8.MBR工艺省略了二沉池，减少占地面积；
8.MBR craft omits secondary sedment tank andreduces the floor space;
2012.10.22