隔离开关安装手册翻译-中英对照
隔离开关本体为单相结构，有R型和L型二种。其结构如图5所示，它是通过拐臂带动绝缘拉杆实现动静触头分合闸操作。隔离开关的三相配一台操动机构，见图6。电动机操动机构是由电动机、传动机构、微动开关、辅助开关等组成。它是由电动机带动蜗杆、蜗轮转动，使隔离开关和接地开关通过连杆系统实现分合闸操作。隔离开关必须具有一定开合能力时，可以配用电动弹簧操动机构，见图7。电动弹簧操动机构是由电动机、传动机构、贮能弹簧、缓冲器、微动开关、辅助开关等组成。它是由电动机带动蜗杆、蜗轮转动，再带动拐臂转动使弹簧压缩储能，当弹簧能量释放时，带动机构的输出轴转动，通过连杆系统使隔离开关和接地开关实现分合闸操作。为了监视隔离开关的断口状况，在外壳上可以开设观察窗。隔离开关的分合闸位置可以由操作拐臂于隔离开关制动螺钉之间的间隙确定。
图5 隔离接地组合开关结构示意图
左图：GR型隔离开关 右图：GL型隔离开关
5．2．3 接地开关
接地开关分为快速接地开关和工作接地开关。快速接地开关配电动弹簧操动机构，具有关合短路和开合感应电流的能力。工作接地开关配电动机操动机构，作为检修时的安全保护。
接地开关本体为单相机构。三相共用一台操动机构，本体通过密封轴、拐臂及连板与操动机构相连，其结构如图5所示。接地开关与隔离开关和断路器之间设有电气联锁，以防止误操作的发生。
电动操动机构和电动弹簧操动机构都可以就地手动操作。结构原理图如图6、图7所示
（图上文字，对照的方式：）
转换开关
分合闸定位置
输出拐臂
拉杆 减速齿轮
分合闸指示
输出轴
蜗轮
蜗杆
电动机
图6 电动操动机构
（图上文字，对照的方式：）
转换开关
合闸定缓冲位
合闸定缓冲定装置
传动销
输出拐臂
传动拐臂
手动齿轮
弹簧上座
弹簧
挂簧拐臂
弹簧下座
拉杆
指示牌
输出轴
蜗轮
蜗杆
减速齿轮
电动机
图7 电动弹簧操动机构
5．2．4 电流互感器
电流互感器是GIS中的电量测量与保护元件，其结构如图8所示。在使用中，二次回路不能开路，否则会产生高电压而造成设备损坏。
图8 电流互感器结构示意图
5．2．5 电压互感器
本GIS采用的电磁式电压互感器以SF6气体绝缘，主要由电容分压器和电
磁单元组成。
5．2．6 避雷器
本GIS采用罐式氧化锌避雷器，其结构见图。
图9 避雷器结构示意图
5．2．7 母线
本GIS的主母线为三相共筒型结构。见图10。
图10 母线筒结构示意图
5．2．8 控制柜
控制柜（LCP）是对GIS进行现场监视与控制的集中控制屏，一般具有就地操作、信号传输、保护、中继和对SF6系统进行监控等功能。
主要作用如下：
a) 实施高压开关就地远方选择操作，在控制柜上进行就地操作。
b) 监视高压开关分、合闸位置状态。
c) 监视GIS各气室SF6气体密度是否处于正常状态。
d) 实现GIS本间隔内高压开关元件之间的电气联锁及间隔间各种开关元件的电气联锁。
e) 显示一次主接线形式及运行状态。
f) 作为GIS各元件间及GIS与主控室之间的中继端子箱，接受或发送信号。
g) 监视控制回路电源是否正常，并通过电源开关、熔断器、保护开关对LCP及GIS的二次控制系统进行保护。
h) 实施对GIS各SF6气室进行抽真空、充气及气体取样。
6. 包装、运输和储存
6.1 GIS经调试合格后，一般可以以间隔为单位整体包装、运输。
6.2 包装前设备内部一般充有0.02～0.05MPa的气体，并装有吸附剂，可以防止灰尘和潮气进入。
6.3 每个工程设备由若干包装运输单元组成。出厂前，包装应按装箱单全面检查。
6.4 在运输装卸过程中应避免剧烈震动，以防止设备内部损坏。
6.5 产品到达安装现场时应贮存在干燥洁净的地方。
5 Structure and operation principle
5.1 GIS system
GIS system generally includes incoming line interval, outlet interval, measurement and protecting interval, etc. It is applicable to adopt different wiring method according to the different requirements of users such as single bus, single segmenting, duplicate-bus and Gratz connection, etc.
The typical interval unit is as Fig. 1
绝缘体 insulator 导体conductor
Fig. 1 Typical interval unit
In this GIS system, except main bus belongs to the GIS structure, the other components are single phase structure. It is applicable to assemble these standard components into various kinds of interval required by the users. The main circuit conductor is supported in the middle of the outer cover by the solid insulating parts. By utilizing the tulip contract as the transmitting connection, it is applicable to connect with overhead wire through the bushing and connect with the electric cable or the voltage transformer bushing directly as well.
According to the requirement, the gas system of GIS may be divided into several dry air chambers, such as circuit breaker chamber, bus chamber, air chamber of inlet and outlet line, air chamber of voltage transformer and air chamber of arrester, etc..
Generally, each interval is arranged with one switch board on the spot. Each gas monitoring device of air chamber and the secondary parts as each control\ circuit of component are all concentrated in switch board.
5.2 Parts structure
5.2.1 Circuit breaker
a) General structure
The circuit breaker belongs to pot type structure, as Fig. 2 shows. Each phrase is operated by one CTB-I spring operating mechanism and apples the electrical interlocking device.
Fig. 2 Appearance of three-phrase circuit
b) Principle of monopolar structure
As Fig. 3 shows, fixed contact is supported on the pot top by the two insulating tube of epoxy cast. Moving contact is supported on the pot bottom by the insulating tube, and is connected with the insulating pull rod and connecting lever case. Arc extinguish chamber is the thermal expansion chamber with the structure of self energy arc-quenching and equiped with auxiliary plenum chamber. The arc-quenching process is chiefly by self energy arc-quenching and gas pressure arc-quenching as the complementary.
In closing position, the main circuit starts from the outlet terminal and passes the fixed contact, moving contact, cylinder and middle contact to lower outlet terminal.
In opening operation, the insulating operating pole drives the moving arc contact, spout, air cylinder, pull rod downward fast under the action opening spring. During this process, the fixed contact is separated with the moving contact at first, and then fixed contact is separated with the moving arc contact and produces the electric arc. While opening the short current, the current is so large that the arc energy between the arc contacts is large as well. The heat steam in arc district flows into the thermal expansion chamber, and carry on heat exchange in the thermal expansion chamber, so the non-return valve is closed.
Fig. 3 Single-phase circuit breaker
In case of current zero point, the high-pressure gas in the thermal expansion chamber blows to the fractures and makes the electric arc go out. During the course of opening process, the gas in the compression chamber begins to be compressed, after reaching certain pressure, the elasticity depressurizes valve of the bottom opens to press gas while release the gas. In this way, the mechanism shall not overcome more counterforce of pressing gas, thus greatly reduced the power of operation. While opening the small current (usually below several kilo amperes), as the arc energy is small, the pressure produced in the thermal expansion chamber is small as well. The pressure of the air pressing chamber is higher than the pressure of thermal expansion chamber at this moment. When the non-return valve is opened, the compressed gas is blown to the fracture. In case of current zero point, this gas with certain pressure blows to the fracture to make the electric arc go out.
While in closing operation, the insulating pole moves upward and drives the moving contact, cylinder and the other movable part upward. At this moment, SF6 gas enters air cylinder rapidly. During the closing process, the fixed arc contact and moving arc contact are connected at first, and then the active fixed contact is connected and finishes the closing operation.
C) Structure and principle of the spring mechanism
This circuit breaker applies the structure of CTB-I spring operating mechanism.
The spring operating mechanism installs in the base of unit; unit appearance and operation principle see Fig. 4
Principle of spring operating mechanism:
1) Energy storage operation: one AC-DC motor drive the gear wheel to rotate and transfer to the large and small pawl in 90 degree. These large and small pawls then drive the ratchet wheel to rotate. The closing spring with one fixed end is compressed by the linked pull rod to store the energy; the motor shutdown is completed by a micro-switch to cut-out the power. The motor is equipped with over-current protecting device and the function of disconnecting the power by force of 15S.
2) Closing operation: When the closing coil accepts the instruction, the operating pole drives release to operate. The arresting device of closing is propped up and the pawl wheel is released. The compressed spring release the energy and drive the cam to rotate, and then the cam strikes the gyro wheel and make turn arm rotate and finishes closing operation. The end of closing switch is arranged with buffer for absorbing the surplus energy.
In addition, the result of closing operation is that the spring of closing switch connected with the turn arm is compressed and store the energy.
3) Opening operation: When the opening coil accepts the instruction, the operating pole drives release to operate. The arresting device of opening is propped up the releasing arm. The opening spring drive turn arm to rotate and finish the opening operation. The buffers at the end of opening switch may absorb surplus energy.
4) Reclosing operation: in the status that the closing spring and opening spring is stored the energy (working state of GCB/GIS); the instruction of opening- 0.3S- closing may start that operation.
输出拐臂1
Output turn arm 1
输出拐臂2
Output turn arm 2
检修分闸部分的防动销
Locking pin for repairing the openig switch parts
分闸线圈
Opening coil
合闸线圈
Closing coil
合闸弹簧
Opening spring
检修分闸部分的防动销
Locking pin for repairing the openig switch parts
分闸弹簧及缓冲器
Opening spring and buffer 棘爪
Pawl
凸轮
Cam
分闸弹簧
Opening spring
拐臂
Turn arm
合闸弹簧
Closing spring
分闸保持掣子
Arresting device of opening switch
棘轮
Pawl wheel
灭弧室
Arc extinguishing chamber
合闸保持掣子
Arresting device of closing switch
合闸脱扣器
Release of closing switch
合闸位置（合闸弹簧已储备能）
Location of closing switch(the closing spring stored the energy)
分闸线圈
Opening switch coil
分闸位置（合闸弹簧已储备能）
Location of opening switch(the closing spring stored the energy)
合闸位置（合闸弹簧已储备能）
Location of closing switch(the closing spring stored the energy)
Fig.4. Appearance and principle of CTB-I spring operating mechanism
5.2.2 Isolating switch
The basis of isolating switch is single-phase structure, including R type and L type. As indicated in Fig. 5, the opening and closing operation of moving and fixing contact is realized by driving the insulating pull rod through turn arm. Isolating switch of three phases is equipped with an operating mechanism. See Fig. 6. The operating mechanism of motor is consisted by transmission mechanism, micro-switch and auxiliary switch, etc. The motor drives the worm gear and worm wheel to rotate and ensure the isolating switch and grounding switch pass the leakage system so as to realized the opening and closing operation. The isolating switch shall have certain opening and closing performance, and is applicable to cooperate the operating of electronic spring operating mechanism. See Fig. 7.The electronic spring operating mechanism is comprised by a motor, a transmission mechanism, an energy storage spring, a buffer, a micro-switch and an auxiliary switch, etc. The motor drives the worm gear and worm wheel to rotate and moves turn arm to make the spring compressed and store the energy. When the energy of the spring is released, it drives the output shaft of mechanism to rotate, and passes the leakage system so as to realize the opening and closing operation. In order to monitor the fracture status, the observation window may be arranged on the outer cover. The location of opening and closing of isolating switch may be defined through the clearance between the turn arm and barking screw of isolating switch.
Fig.5. Schematic diagram of the switch structure of isolating and grounding combination
Left Fig: GR type isolates the switch Right Fig: GL type isolates the switch
5.2.3 Grounding switch
The grounding switch may be divided into the fast grounding switch and operational grounding switch. The fast grounding switch is equipped with the electronic spring operating mechanism, which has the function of shut off the short circuit and connecting the induced current. The operational grounding switch is equipped with the motor operating mechanism, which may provide the safe protection in maintenance.
The basis of isolating switch is single-phase structure. Isolating switch of three phases is equipped with an operating mechanism. The basis is connected with the operating mechanism through sealed axle, turn arm and linking board. The structure is indicated as Fig. 5. The electrical interlocking device is arranged between the grounding switch and isolating switch and breaker in order to prevent the incorrect operation.
The electronic mechanism and operating mechanism of electronic spring may operate manually. The structure principle drawing is indicated as Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
转换开关
Transfer switch
分合闸定位置
Location of opening and closing switch
输出拐臂
Output turn arm
拉杆
Pull rod
减速齿轮
Reduction gear
分合闸指示
Instruction of opening and closing switch
输出轴
Output shaft
蜗轮
Worm wheel
蜗杆
Worm gear
电动机
Motor
Fig. 6 Electronic operating mechanism
2013.6.3