正台阶法等暗挖工法翻译-中英对照
Previous Contracts①
a) Name and location of the Contract 北京市地铁王（府井）-东（单）区间，北京市
b) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 北京市地铁建设公司
c) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 区间长518.4m，包括13种断面形式，31个变化点，其中最大的断面宽14.2m，高10.678m。施工中综合采用了双眼镜法、中隔壁法、中洞法、正台阶法等国内隧道暗挖施工的所有工法，施工难度大，技术含量高，有“工法博物馆”之称。
d) Contract value (HK$) HK$12869万元
e) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:07/1994
Contract completion date:09/1999
Previous Contracts②
f) Name and location of the Contract 北京地铁复八线王建段，北京市
g) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 北京市地下铁道建设公司
h) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 天安门～王府井区间长112双延米，王府井～东单区间长518.395双延米, 东单～建国门区间长518.395双延米,其断面形式多。区间隧道采用双眼镜法、中隔壁法、中洞法、正台阶法等国内隧道暗挖所有工法。
i) Contract value (HK$) HK$68098万元
j) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:12/1992
Contract completion date:07/1999
Previous Contracts③
k) Name and location of the Contract 广州地铁晓江区间，广州市
l) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 广州市地下铁道总公司
m) Brief description of the work performed. (Note:equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 区间隧道左线全长991.055m，施工中采用了双眼镜法、中隔壁法、中洞法、正台阶法等暗挖工法
n) Contract value (HK$) HK$16485万元
o) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:05/2000
Contract completion date:03/2002
Previous Contracts④ 已完成合同
p) Name and location of the Contract 广州地铁三号线客新区间，广州市
q) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 广州市地下铁道总公司
r) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 本标段区间隧道左、右线长391.9M，二、三号联络线长479.4M。共有10种断面，断面最大开挖宽度达23M。本工程采用浅埋暗挖法施工
s) Contract value (HK$) HK$7023万元
t) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:12/2001
Contract completion date:11/2003
Previous Contracts⑤
u) Name and location of the Contract 广州地铁三号线石-体区间，广州市
v) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 广州市地下铁道总公司
w) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 本区间右线隧道设计长度为1265.324m，左线隧道全长1181.206m，本工程采用浅埋暗挖法施工
x) Contract value (HK$) HK$5594万元
y) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:10/2002
Contract completion date:05/2004
Previous Contracts⑥
z) Name and location of the Contract 广州地铁东（山口）—杨（箕）区间，广州市
aa) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 广州市地下铁道总公司
bb) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 广州地铁东~杨区间全长1002为双线隧道，标准断面开挖尺寸6.5×6.5m，采用正台阶法施工；其中左线有207米双线断面，开挖尺寸11.55×8.75m，采用中隔壁法施工。
cc) Contract value (HK$) HK$9541万元
dd) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:10/1994
Contract completion date:10/1997
Previous Contracts⑦
ee) Name and location of the Contract 北京市地铁东（单）—建（国门）区间，北京市
ff) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 北京市地铁建设公司
gg) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 全长918.8m，单洞跨度7.6m—13.6m。采用浅埋暗挖法施工
hh) Contract value (HK$) HK$7108万元
ii) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:07/1994
Contract completion date:09/1999
Previous Contracts⑧
jj) Name and location of the Contract 广州市轨道交通四号线七号线暗挖区间，广州市
kk) Employer / Client (including Corporation Contracts) 广州市地下铁道总公司
ll) Brief description of the work performed. (Note: equipment suppliers/manufacturers names to be included as appropriate) 隧道全长860米，13种断面，最大跨度断面13.78米。开挖工法有台阶法、CD法、CRD法、双侧导坑法。
mm) Contract value (HK$) HK$5136万元
nn) Dates of commencement and completion (specified and actual) Commencement date:12/2003
Contract completion date:11/2004
旋喷桩施工工艺：
在联通道的施工过程中，为保证盾构管片拆除开洞及通道施工的安全，联络通道施工前，应首先将地层进行加固，一般采用旋喷桩施工工艺。
旋喷桩加固技术是指使用旋喷钻机将带有特殊喷嘴的注浆管送到预定的深度，然后慢慢地提升钻杆，边提升边旋转，边由喷嘴喷出具有一定压力的液体和气体的射流，使浆液流和土层混合，凝固成一体，形成具有一定强度的固结桩体加固地层的方法。
此技术具有以下优点：1、应用范围广；2、施工简便；3、固结桩体强度高；
一般联通道的顶部、底部、两侧均需要加固（因地层各异，具体加固范围各不相同）。加固后的土体应有一定的均质性、自立性，无侧限抗压强度和渗透系数均需达到一定要求。
冷冻法施工工艺：
是采用人工冻结的方法将土体温度降到零度以下，使土体固结形成较好的稳定土体，同时起到隔水作用，在冻土范围内进行构筑物的施工，施工完结后结束冷冻并进行融沉注浆的方法。常用于地质条件较差，地处砂层、富含地下水等不良地质情况下。因此法施工成本较高，我公司只在南水北调中线一期穿黄工程Ⅱ-B标（下游线）隧洞工程土建及设备安装施工工程中使用过。
冷冻法施工优点：1、利用了热传导原理，适用于从黏性土层到砂砾层地基。2、被冻结的土砂相当坚固，而且有较高的止水性能。3、对地基和地下水没有污染。4、易于冻结管理及预测冻结范围。
冷冻法缺点：施工时如遇机械故障或者长时间停电，危害极大。故施工前应编制应急预案。
2013.8.23