焊接通用技术要求-中英版
修订B
JHPAPER/CNEEC/POWER/7/2/01-36/C& I
V-3 GSFW, CNEEC
目录：
1.目的
2.总则
3.焊接车间及设备
4.焊接程序
5. 焊接人员
6. 效果认证
7.焊接方法
8.焊接材料
9.保护焊接气体
10.接头准备
11.奥氏体不锈钢焊接
12.射线照相检查
13.管制当局
14.测试与抽样
15.焊接修补
16.防腐蚀处理，涂装修补
1 目的
本节技术规范旨在描述必要的一般性焊接约定。除此之外，买方另行规定的进一步要求也必须遵守。
2 总则
全部焊接工作必须让买方满意，并遵守相关标准。焊接的生产程序应符合规定的质量要求。特别注意材料的产品分析结果及与焊接接触表面的光滑程度。
3 焊接车间及设备
焊接应在适合其焊接方法的条件下进行。焊接设备应能生产出符合质量要求的焊接产品。
4 焊接程序
承包商应设计出主要焊接操作程序。焊接程序须详细记录，且提前交给买方审批。
被提议的焊接程序应包括焊接技术、焊接位置、基材与尺寸、填充材料及大小、焊接参数、接点准备、堆焊、热处理，分类，编码（标准中有规定）及防护等信息。
5 焊接人员
参加焊接的全部工作人员必须受到良好的训练，并拥有必备的焊接能力。焊接监督人员应对焊接有一个全面的了解，熟悉焊接程序的要求。他们必须能确保所执行的焊接工作符合规定程序。
承包商应向买方提供获准焊接人员的当前记录，记录应包括以下信息：
- 焊接工的姓名与标记
- 焊接方法
- 焊接定位
- 基材及尺寸
- 填充金属
- 测试结果
- 资格鉴定试验日期
- 授权检验员的签名
在开始实质性焊接工作前，焊接执照与焊接人员的资格认证证书应交给现场组织机构。
在焊机工作开始之前，焊接人员必须获得买方批准。无论何时买方发现焊接工不具备完成要求焊接工作的技能时，该焊接人员的工作必须停止。 如发生此种情况，焊接工必须重新接受效果资格测试。
6 效果认证
承包商与买方必须就测试类型与证书类型达成协议。
效果认证测试是为了确保焊接工及焊接工作者在相同条件下具备正确执行的能力，并在实际焊接工作中使用相同的焊接程序。
承包商与工程师必须就测试与证书类型达成协议。
7 焊接方法
焊接方法应适于所使用的基材，需注意现场出现的问题。特别是位于不锈钢上的焊接根部应具备良好的外观质量，并于基材对接良好。
对于焊接薄型的不锈钢材料；壁厚达到3mm的材料根部焊接最好使用惰性气体钨作为保护焊接气体，买方也可要求仅用该气体焊接特定线路。
在现场条件下使用金属活动气焊接法是被禁止的。
8 焊接方法
填充材料必须清楚的标记便于鉴别。所有无法清楚辨认的填充材料必须弃用。
焊接材料采取适当的方式储存。须特别注意将制造和涂装后的电极吸潮降到最低。这些电极应存放于干燥的橱子内，请供应商的焊接人员应提供每日所需的干燥剂。
填充材料必须与基材相匹配。在将不锈钢焊接至碳钢上时，应使用特殊的合金填充材料。
9 保护焊接气体
管材开始的3mm应使用保护焊接气焊接到表面内部。外面附加装置和表面修补保护焊接气必须用于壁厚小于3mm的焊接。
10 接点准备
接头准备必须符合焊接程序中规定的焊接方法。
所有临时附加装置必须由与基材相兼容的材料制成。必须平稳的移动临时附加装置与基材齐平。
11 奥氏体不锈钢焊接
奥氏体不锈钢的一般性焊接规则是尽可能使用低热量放入焊接，以避免基材中热影响区(HAZ)的敏化。因此要遵守以下规则：
a. 出于敏化风险的考虑，对承包商在焊接规范中列出的焊接参数进行筛选。
b. 层间温度不得超过120摄氏度。
c. 不同材料的焊接，例如：碳钢焊接至奥氏体不锈钢时，焊接终端与合金填充材料之间最小焊缝距离为1.5mm。不允许无填充材料的焊接。
d. 焊接修补的总量应该受限制。不锈钢304和306基材的焊接不能用于超过两处局部修补。如需更多修补，准备新的接头同时移开至距热影响区5mm处。
e. 无需预热
f. 不允许特有大型号的电极。
特别注意接头准备和不锈钢处理的工作。不锈钢表面必须无低碳钢或其他有害材料的污染。所有的卡扣、临时附加装置、垫板、插脚，隔断及吊环等都必须采用不锈钢制作或镀不锈钢。工具和研磨盘必须适用于不锈钢材料。不锈钢不得直接接触低碳钢。
使用不锈钢刷及时处理或清洁不锈钢焊接处并钝化。
12 射线照相检查
承包商采取射线照相检查焊接接头。
在必要的热处理之后进行检查。
根据国际焊接人员培训与资格认证体系IIW中“焊接参考射线照片的收集”来评估薄膜情况。绿色度应达到国际焊接人员培训与资格认证体系3 的要求且无根部无缺陷。
如果检查因承包商的缘故须重复第二次，承包商应支付重复检查的费用。
13 管制当局
除非经买方批准，否则在任何经测试与验证合格的容器或管路系统上焊接将是不被允许的。
承包商在任何经测试与验证合格的压力容器或管路系统上进行焊接，必须使用合格的焊接工，并对全部检验，测试与重新验证以及管制当局和/买方要求的费用负责。
14 测试与抽样
无论何种情况下，管制当局和/或买方一旦提出要求，承包商都应按买方和/或管制当局提出针对不同材料和工艺样品，以及工程中指定使用或即将使用的制成品的要求交样件给他们审批。
15 焊接修补
焊接错误的更正应完全让买方满意。所有的修补和额外检验的费用都应由承包商承担。
16 防腐蚀处理，修补涂装
在完成焊接工作并通过买方批准后，承包商应履行或补充表面处理。
General Technical Requirements for Welding
Revision B
JHPAPER/CNEEC/POWER / 7/2/01-36 & I/C
V - 3 GSFW, CNEEC
Category:
1. Purpose
2. General
3. Welding workshop and equipment
4. Welding procedure
5. Welding personnel
6. Effect of certification
7. Welding method
8. Welding materials
9. Gas protection welding
10. Joint preparation
11. Austenitic stainless steel welding
12. Radiographic inspection
13. Regulatory authorities
14. Testing and sampling
15. Welding repair
16. Anti-corrosion treatment, coating repair
1. Purpose
In this section, we illustrate the necessary conventions for general welding specification. In addition, further requirements shall be separately prescribed by the buyer as well.
2 General
All welding work shall let the buyer satisfaction, and comply with relevant standards. In the production process of the welding shall meet the prescribed quality requirements. It is required to pay special attention to the material of product analysis results and the smooth degree of welding contact surface.
3 Welding workshop and equipment
It shall be suitable to apply the welding method under welding conditions. Welding equipment shall be able to produce to meet the requirements of the quality of welding products.
4 Welding procedure
Contractor shall design the main welding procedures. Welding procedure shall be detailed records, and advance to the buyer for approval.
The propose of this document for welding procedure shall include the welding technology, welding position, base material and size, the filling material and size, welding parameters, contact preparation, welding, heat treatment, classification and coding (there are provisions in the standard) and information protection, etc.
5 Welding personnel
The entire staff member for welding shall be with a good training, and have the necessary welding ability. Welding supervisor shall have a comprehensive understanding, familiar with the requirements of welding procedure. They shall be able to ensure that comply with the prescribed procedures performed by the welding work.
Contractor shall provide to the buyer was allowed to current welding personnel records, records shall include the following information:
- Name of the welder and the tag
- Welding method
Welding positioning
- Base material and size
- Filler metal
- Test result
- Qualification test date
- Signature of the authorized inspector
Before starting material welding work, welding license and welding personnel qualification certificate shall be to the organization.
Before work starts on the welder, welding personnel shall be approved by the buyer. Whenever the buyer find welders do not have complete the required welding work skills, the welding workers shall stop. If this occurs, welder shall accept qualification testing effect again.
6. Effect of certification
The contractor and buyer shall agree test type and certificate type.
Effect of certification test is to ensure the welding and welding workers in the same conditions have the ability to correct execution, and use the same welding procedure in the actual welding work.
Contractors and engineers shall be on the test and certificate type to reach an agreement.
7 Welding method
The base material and welding method shall be suitable for use issues need to pay attention to the scene. Especially on the stainless steel welding roots shall have good appearance quality, docking and base material is good.
For welding of thin stainless steel material; Wall thickness to 3 mm material root welding it is best to use tungsten inert gas as gas protection welding, the buyer can also be asked to only by the gas welding specific lines.
In the field under the condition of using metal active gas welding is forbidden.
8 Welding method
Filler material shall be clearly marked for easy identification. All unable to clearly identify the filling material shall be abandoned.
Welding materials stored in a proper way. It is required to pay special attention to the manufacture and coating electrode after absorbing moisture to a minimum. The electrode shall be stored in dry inside the cabinet; please suppliers of welding personnel shall be daily of the desiccant.
Filler material shall match the base material. In the welding of stainless steel to carbon steel, special alloy filling material shall be used.
9 Gas protections welding
Pipe to 3 mm shall be used to protect welding surface inside. The add-ons and outside surface repair protect welding gas welding shall be used for wall thickness less than 3 mm.
10 Contact joint preparations
Joint preparation shall conform to the specified in the welding procedure of welding method.
All temporary attachment shall be compatible with substrate materials, which shall be a smooth move temporary attachment and base material.
11. Austenitic stainless steel welding
General welding of austenitic stainless steel rule is as far as possible the use of low quantity of heat in the welding, to avoid the base material of the heat affected zone (HAZ) of sensitization. So to obey the following rules:
A. Yu Minhua risk considerations, to the contractor in the welding specifications listed in the welding parameters.
B. interpass temperature shall not exceed 120 degrees Celsius.
C. The welding of different materials, such as: to austenitic stainless steel, carbon steel welding welding weld smallest distance between terminals and alloy filling material is 1.5 mm. Don't allow welding without filler material.
D. The amount of weld repair shall be restricted. Stainless steel base material of 304 and 306 local repair welding cannot be used for more than two. If you need more repair, prepare and move to a new joint spacing heat affected zone of 5 mm.
E. Without preheating
F. Does not allow a large number of unique electrode.
Pay special attention to joint preparation and processing of stainless steel work. Stainless steel surfaces shall be free of low carbon steel or other harmful pollution of material. All CARDS, temporary additional equipment, plate, pins, partition and rings shall use stainless steel or stainless steel plating. Tools and abrasive disk shall be suitable for stainless steel materials. Stainless steel shall not directly contact with low carbon steel.
Using the timely processing of stainless steel brush or clean stainless steel welds and perspiration;
12 Radiographic inspections
Contractor to radiographic inspection of welded joint;
Check after the necessary heat treatment.
According to the international welding training and qualification certification system in the IIW reference X-ray collection of welding to evaluate thin film. Green degree shall reach the international welding training and qualification certification system 3 requirements and no root, no defects.
If you check on account of the contractor shall repeat the second time, the contractor shall pay for double check.
13 Regulatory authorities
Unless approved by the buyer, on any vessel or piping system through test and verification on the welding is not allowed.
The contractor in any qualified through test and verify the pressure vessel or piping system on welding, shall use the qualified welders, and of all inspection, testing and revalidate and regulatory authorities and/is responsible for the cost of the buyer's request.
14 Testing and sampling
Whatever the case, once the regulatory authorities and/or the buyer's request, the contractor shall be proposed by the buyer and/or regulatory authorities for different materials and process samples, as well as engineering specified in the use or the requirements of the finished products to be used/sample approval for them.
15 Weld repair
Welding error correction shall be entirely to buyer's satisfaction. All repair and additional inspection fees shall be borne by the contractor.
16 Anti-corrosion treatment, repair coating
Upon completion of welding work and by the buyer after approval, the contractor shall perform or added surface treatment.
2014.6.8