心理学未来发展翻译-中英对照
分享心理学：未来发展
本章集中讨论了心理咨询的理论和实践，该领域积累了特定的理念体系和经验。但是那些经过训练的心理学家或者心理健康专家和在他们与人们的工作中一直有用到心理学的人，在他们之间实施分享心理学时，有成百种不同的方法。这些方法很多都是非正式的，并不简单包括咨询的概念，应用成熟和正式的过程。当我们接手咨询工作时，需要考虑的框架是，心理学中最好的方法是更广泛的分享。在本章开篇就指出，好的心理学的需要是很好的，普遍适用的，毫无疑问应该得到分享。过去心理学一直没有很广泛分享的一个原因是没有存在一个指导分享过程的框架。所有，有心理学专业知识的专家对于这样做心存忧虑，即分享并非他们专业角色的合法部分。本章观点并不能及时转化为分享过程的最有用指导。尽管如此，他们确实表达出一个有用的初始观点，这是一个促进剂，促使更深入的理论研究、实践和评估。
我们充满信心的期待分享的快速和广泛发展的这一年的来到。Gallessich（1982）指出，咨询角色可能随着时间得到很大发展，包括个体专家的职业生涯和特定专业的历史。作为专业学科发展，咨询可能发生非常偶然的含糊的专业角色定义延伸。随时间发展，这样的变化可能越来越频繁，有必要借用其他领域的相关理论来更有效的实践咨询，在最开始了解咨询者工作的组织可能会获得更大的帮助。期间会有挫折和失望的阶段，然而，以缺乏职业训练储备的实习生作为顾问，更多咨询工作与理论无关，坚持传统方法会综合动力和阻力，带动学科发展。Ketterer（1981）给出了相当多的证据，证明心理健康领域的咨询和教育（C和E）并未超越这个阶段。他描述了C和E在心理健康领域的边缘地位，缺乏理论，没有专业训练，存在编制和其他约束。对20世纪70年代，美国社区心理健康中心的员工的活动的调查显示，只有4%-6%的员工时间用于该项工作。在一个研究中，一般员工进行C和E活动时得到相关正式培训，但是一半的案例接近于单个对话。在另外的研究中，没有执行该类型工作的人得到了这些角色特定的专业培训。
Gallessich预测专业知识的分支和实践的发展的第三阶段，特别是咨询，大规模的引入其他领域的相关知识。可能导致基本学科的辨识不明确，甚至对于最初身份为顾问角色的毕业生培训的发展。Ketterer（1981）也讨论到专业C和E员工的出现与直接面对客户提供服务延伸了其角色的通才对立。有人怀疑专家顾问的出现并不是Caplan所认可的，他明白的指出心理健康咨询是“一种心理健康专家和其他专家交流的方法，并不代表一个新的专业，只是现有专家一个特定的工作方式”（1970, p.30）。很多人仍然会赞同他们的观点，可靠的背景知识和在顾问被咨询的领域内的多次实践，是有效完成咨询工作的先决条件。
Share psychology: future development
This chapter focuses on the theory and practice of psychological counseling, accumulated a certain idea system and experience in this field. But those trained psychologist or mental health professionals in their work are deal with people which have been useful to psychology, to implement share psychology between them. There are hundreds of different methods. Many are informal, these methods is not a simple including the concept of consulting, application of mature and formal process. When we take over consulting work, need to consider is, the framework of the best methods of psychology is more widely Shared. Pointed out in this chapter, the first that is a very good psychology needs, universal, there is no doubt that should be Shared. Psychology in the past have not been very widely Shared one of the reasons why there is not a direct share process framework. All, have a professional knowledge of psychology expert worries for doing this, the share is not a legitimate part of their professional roles. Timely transformation of views in this chapter is to share the most useful guidance process. In spite of this, they did express a useful initial point of view; this is a promoter, prompting further theoretical research, practice and evaluation.
We are full of confidence to share the rapid and extensive development this year. Gallessich (1982) pointed out that the consulting role may get great development over time, including individual career experts and specific professional history. As a professional discipline development, consulting may be very occasional vague professional role definitions. Development over time, such a change could become increasingly frequent, it is necessary to borrow from other related theory to more effective practice in the field of consulting, in the most began to understand the consultants work group will probably get more help. There will be setbacks and the down during the period of stage, however, to the lack of vocational training reserve as an adviser to the intern, more consultation work has nothing to do with theory, adhere to the traditional method will be comprehensive power and resistance, driving the development of discipline. Ketterer (1981) gives a considerable amount of evidence, proof in the field of mental health consultation and education (C and E) does not go beyond this stage. He describes the edge of the C and E in the field of mental health status, lack of theory, there is no professional training, preparation and other constraints. In the 1970 s, American community mental health center staff activities according to the survey, only 4% - 6% of the staff of time for the work. In one study, general staff C and E activities get relevant formal training, but close to half of the cases in a single conversation. In another study, did not perform this type of work to get the role of specific professional training.
Gallessich forecast branch of the professional knowledge and practice of the third stage of development, consulting, in particular, in the field of large-scale introduction of other related knowledge. It shall be unclearly identification of basic disciplines, even for the original identity as a consultant role of the development of graduate training. Ketterer (1981) is also discussed to professional C and E the emergence of the employees and clients directly to extend its role of liberal opposition. Is suspected of expert advisers appear not Caplan recognizes, he understand points out that the mental health counseling is "a mental health experts and other methods of communication, does not represent a new major, just work existing experts in a specific way" (1970, p. 30). A lot of people will agree with their point of view, a reliable background knowledge and the consultant be consulting in the field of practice for many times, is the precondition of effective consulting work.
2017.7.23