蒙古族婚俗-中英对照翻译
宗教：藏传佛教
蒙古族婚俗：婚制。蒙古族有抢婚和聘婚两种婚姻制度。抢婚是奴隶制社会的一种婚姻形式。公元十三世纪以前，蒙古族社会多半为抢婚制。公元十三世纪以后，蒙古族进入封建社会，即普遍实行聘婚制。
婚礼：蒙古族牧民的婚礼热闹非凡，别具特色。由於地域的不同，婚礼细节各异，但程序基本相同。
Religion: Tibetan Buddhism
The Mongols' marriage customs: Marriage system. There are two types of marriage systems in Mongolian conventional marriage, namely, despoil marriage and engaged marriage. The despoil marriage is a type of marriage form appeared in slave society. Before the 13th century, most place in Mongols society carried out the despoil marriage. After the 13th century, the Mongolian enters the feudal society and applied the engaged marriage system.
Wedding: The wedding of the herdsman of the Mongols is lively and outstanding. The wedding detail is different due to the difference region. However, the procedure of wedding is basically similar to each other.
神话：《鄂尔多斯婚礼》中有一则人类起源与婚姻起源神话。在创世造人的时候，两位先父先母结成儿女亲家。从人类之父的右膝上，生出三百六十一名男娃。从人类之母的左膝上，育成三百六十一名女娃。男孩女孩长大后结成夫妇，使祖业兴旺发达，合家富贵荣华。婚嫁是天地初开之时人类之父和人类之母定下来的规矩，男女婚配才有人类的繁衍和幸福。
Mythology: There is a mythology of the origin of mankind and marriage in China in “Wedding of Erdos”. In the age of mankind creation, two ancient of father and mother become the relatives by marriage. From the human father's right knee, grow out 361 boy babies. From the human s mother's left knee, breed 361 girl babies. Boys and girls married after growing up. The decedents of the ancestor become prosperous and live a happy life. The marriage is the rule which human father and mother decided after the birth of the world. The marriage of men and women is the reason for human procreation and happiness.
定亲：在蒙古族婚礼中，定亲是非常重要的环节。按照蒙古族的传统婚俗，青年男女成年以后，父母要为儿子物色一位般配的姑娘，女方也要详细了解男方。姑娘一般在十七、十九这些奇数年龄成婚。青年男女在定亲之前，男方要向女方求亲，为体现男方对女方的诚意，男方会选派一个善于交际的并在家族中有一定地位的男性作为媒人, 并托媒人多次向女方求亲。媒人找寻一位合适的人，一同带着象征和谐、甜蜜、旺盛的白糖、茶叶、胶等物品，用一块白手巾包着前去撮合，若女方收下方可继续进行。随后男方父母及本人要带着哈达、奶酒、糖块之类礼品求婚，需进行数次才能订婚。女方收下订婚礼后，男方还要向女方送三次酒，女方将酒全部喝掉，婚事便确定下来。求亲达成协议后，由男方带上哈达、奶酒和全羊到女家“下定”。女家请亲友陪客人饮酒，表示正式定亲。
Engagement: In Mongols' wedding, the engagement is a very important step. According to the traditional marriage customs of the Mongols, after young men and women grow up, parents shall look for a girl matching for the son. The family of girl shall ask for the detail information of the boy as well. Girls generally get married at the ages of odd number such as 17 and 19. Before engagement, the boy shall ask the girl to married with him. In order to proof the sincerity of the boy, the boy family shall select and appoint one person that is good at communication and with certain status in the family as the matchmaker, and ask the matchmaker to seek a marriage alliance to the girl’s family for many times. The matchmaker shall select a suitable person, and send the presents symbolized harmonious, happy and vigorous such as white sugar, tea and glue, etc. to the girl’s family. The presents shall be covered with a white towel. If the girl’s family accepted them presents the boy and the girl may continue their communication. Then the parents of boy and together with the boy shall bring presents of hada, wine of milk and sugar, etc. to the girl’s family and propose for marriage. It is required to carry on several times for settle the whole process of engagement. After the girl’s family accepts the presents for engagement, the boy’s family shall send the wine for three times to the girl. The girl shall drink all the wine up, and the marriage wedding is decided. After the engagement reached an agreement, the boy shall take hada , milk wine and the whole sheep to the girl’s family for “engagement agreement”. The girl's shall invite the relatives and friends and entertain the guest for drinking, which shows formally engaged.
择吉日：请喇嘛占卜选择吉日，最后向亲朋好友发出婚宴邀请。
Select a lucky date. Invite the lama to choose the lucky date; send out the wedding banquet invitation to relatives and friends finally.
聘礼：青年男女定亲后由男方送给女方家聘礼。聘礼得多少由男方家的经济情况而定。牧区常以牛、马、羊等牲畜为聘礼。牧民视9为吉祥数，聘礼以九为起点，从1*9到9*9，最多不超过81头，取九九为长寿的意思。若贫困牧户不具备九数牲畜的聘礼，也可以择小于九的奇数，以3、5、7牲畜为聘礼，但绝不能择偶数。
Betrothal gifts: The boy family shall give the girl's family betrothal gifts after engagement, depending on the economic circumstances of the boy's family. In pasturing area, the betrothal gifts shall be ox, horse and sheep, etc. The herdsman regards 9 as the lucky number, the betrothal gifts regard nine as the starting point; from 1*9 to 9*9; and not to exceeding 81 at most, which takes the macrobiotic meaning in 99. If herd family does not possess betrothal gifts of nine, it can select the odd number smaller than nine such as 3, 5, 7 for the betrothal gifts, but it shall not select the even number.
嫁妆：蒙古族非常讲究陪送嫁妆。嫁妆就是女方陪送女儿的出嫁礼物。
Dowry: The Mongols stresses and dowries very much. Dowry is the dower gift with the daughter to the married family.
当新娘与新郎回到男方家后，二人骑马围绕蒙古包转三圈，然后新娘新郎下马，一起跨过两堆旺火，接受火神洗礼，喻示爱情的纯洁坚贞，新生活的兴旺。接着一齐往火里祭洒奶酒，并跪拜磕头，旁边站着司仪诵读《火的赞词》：圣主成吉思汗发现火石，诃额仑母夫人保存下来的火种，用洁白的哈达、奶酒祭祀，民族之火从古到今。请新郎新娘祈祷吧！神火是你们婚配的见证；请新郎新娘叩头吧！佛光为你们传宗接代。赞词纪念先祖，并暗示新娘新郎早生贵子。
After the bride and bridegroom get back to the husband's home, the new couple shall ride a horse and turn three circles around the yurt, then bride and bridegroom get down from horse; stride two piles of very hot oven together; accept the supernatural baptism of fire, which symbolizes the pure and faithful of love, and the new life is prosperous. Then hold a memorial ceremony for and spill the milk wine to the fire simultaneously, and worship on bended knees and kowtow. The master of ceremonies stands nearby to read aloud “the words of praise of fire”: Sacred Genghis Khan finds the flint; the Kerluen mother kept the kindling, offers the sacrifices with the pure white hada and milk wine; the national fire is from ancient times to the present. Bride and bridegroom please pray! The sacred kindling is the wetness for your wedding: bride and bridegroom please take the ceremony of kowtow to pray! The Buddhist light shall produce a male heir to continue the family line for you. The words of praise commemorate the ancestors, and hint that bride and bridegroom shall have sons early.
进入蒙古包后，新婚夫妇首先祭拜炉火再次祈祷生活兴旺安定，而不是向汉族一样拜天地，接着拜见长辈亲友，由婆婆掀起新娘的盖头，并为新娘起新的名字，象征新娘此时此刻已经属于男方。在新娘换装梳洗后，婚宴正式开始，婚宴还是以羊肉，奶制品为主。
婚宴上新娘新郎要逐一向来自四面八方的亲朋好友进献哈达，喜酒。青年男女们拉响马头琴，放声高歌。喜宴将持续3天左右。
After entering the yurt, newly-married couple shall hold a memorial ceremony for stove fire to pray again for the life prosperity and stable at first, which is different to the ceremonial of Han nationality to worship Heaven & Earth, and then take a formal visit to the elder relatives and friends. The mother of bride shall uncover the veil of the bride, and gives the new name to the bride, which signifies that the bride has already belonged to the bridegroom at this moment. After the bride changed her dressing, the wedding banquet begins formally. The wedding banquet is still mainly offered with the mutton and milk products.
Bride and bridegroom shall offer the Hada and wine to the relatives and friends from all directions. Young men and women play the horse-headed instrument and sing heartily. The wedding breakfast shall last for 3 days.
2012.11.7