竹子-中英对照
竹 子 概 述
竹，是禾本科的一个分支竹亚科的总称，分布在亚热带地区，又称竹类或竹子。有低矮似草，又有高如大树。通常通过地下匍匐的根茎成片生长。也可以通过开花结籽繁衍。为多年生植物。有一些种类的竹笋可以食用。中国是世界上最主要的产竹国，无论是竹子的种类、面积、蓄积量及竹材、竹笋的产量都雄居世界首位，竹子种类已知有39属500余种，竹林总面积约420万hm2。
竹 子 种 类
竹是多年生木质化植物，具地上茎（竹杆）和地下茎（竹鞭）。竹枝杆挺拔修长，亭亭玉立，四季青翠，凌霜傲雨，倍受我国人民喜爱，有“梅兰竹菊”四君子之一,“梅松竹”岁寒三友之一等美称。竹的种类繁多，大多可供庭园观赏。常见栽培观赏竹有：散生型的紫竹、毛竹、刚竹、桂竹、方竹等，丛生型的佛肚竹、孝顺竹等，混生型的箬竹、茶杆竹等。
竹 笋
竹的地下茎（俗称竹鞭）是横着生长的，中间稍空，也有节并且多而密，在节上长着许多须根和芽。一些芽发育成为竹笋钻出地面长成竹子，另一些芽并不长出地面，而是横着生长，发育成新的地下茎。因此，竹子都是成片成林的生长。嫩的竹鞭和竹笋可以食用。秋冬时，竹芽还没有长出地面，这时挖出来就叫冬笋；春天，竹笋长出地面就叫春笋。二十四孝图中“哭竹生笋”讲的就是冬笋的故事。
Bamboos
Bamboo Overview
Bamboo is a general term of a branch of the subfamily in Gramineae, which is spread over the sub 9 known genuses of bamboo and more than 500 species of bamboo. The forest area is about 4.2 million hm2 in total.
Types of bamboo
Bamboo is a woody perennial plant with the ground stems (poles) and underground stems (Rhizome). Bamboo has a slender, upright and slim shape, and characterized with evergreen and endurance with rain and cold, which is quite popular to people of our country. Therefore it is acknowledged as the one of four noble plants “Plum Blossoms, Orchids, Bamboo” and three Friends of Winter “Pines, Bamboos and Plums”. Bamboo has a large variety; most of bamboo is just planted in ornamental gardens. Common cultivated ornamental bamboo are: scattered raw type Purple Bamboo, Pubescens, Cheiranthus, Phyllostachys, clusters type of Buddha belly bamboo, Bambusa glaucescens, mixed type Indocalamus, and tea pole bamboo, etc.
Bamboo shoots
The underground stems of bamboo (called Rhizome) are sideways growth and hollow inside. Bamboo has nodes and some of them are dense with fibrous roots and buds. Some buds develop into shoots of bamboo after drilled into the ground. Some buds did not grow on the ground, but grew in sideways and developed into new underground stems. Therefore, bamboos are all grew into a piece of forest. Rhizome and tender shoots are edible. In autumn and winter, the bamboo shoot has not grown on the ground, and then dug up called bamboo shoots; in spring, bamboo shoots grow on the ground called bamboo shoots of spring in China. Drawing of Twenty-four Filial Piety stories “Cried for bamboo shoots in winter” tells us the story of the bamboo shoots in winter.
2012.11.10