测试件测试方法及步骤-中英对照
底部—一个平的环形底部牢牢固定在渗透测量装置上，且在测试中对样品施加力以测定出上表面的准确位置。
5.1.5 振动装置—举例,一个用电操作的蜂鸣器，轻微振动仪器以克服轻微摩擦力；不应超过次要负荷的5%。
本装置在没有摩擦力时可以略去。
6. 测试样件
6.1 测试是用于比较同样厚度的样品，且样品要求表面平滑，上下表面是平行的。当数量到达3个测试件时可以堆放以达到要求的厚度，样品的尺寸取决于测试硬度所要求的测试类型。
6.2 类型 S1和S2—类型S1和S2的样品厚度不惜在8-10
毫米之间。非标测试件可能稍厚或稍薄，但是厚度差不得大于2毫米。标准和非标样品的侧向尺寸不得根据小于表2给出的与测试件边沿合适的距离而测得。
6.3 类型M—类型M 样品显微硬度测试的厚度应为2+0.5毫米。非标样品可能会稍厚或稍薄，但是差异不得大于1毫米，
标准和非标的侧向尺寸不能根据离边沿少于2毫米的距离测得。当样品的厚度大于宏观测试计厚度4毫米时，由于侧向渗透测量装置上， 尺寸或平面面积不允许在标准测试计上进行测试，测试应该在尽可能离边沿远的地方进行。曲面测试件，例如：O型环，
表2 在距离测试件边沿最小的距离进行测试（适合于所有类型，除了类型M以外）
如果样品安装的方式不变测试中运动的情况下，可使用显微硬度测试计测试，但是所得的数值与平坦的样品测试结果没有可比性。
6.4 类型 L—类型 L样品的厚度应为10 至15 毫米。标准样品可能稍厚或稍薄，但是差异不得超过2毫米。非标样品也可能稍厚或稍薄，但差异不得超过6毫米。标准和非标样品的侧向尺寸不得根据小于表2给出的与测试件边沿合适的距离而测得。
6.5 类型H—参考 6.2 (类型S1和S2).
7. 测试温度
7.1 正常的测试温度应为23+ 2°C（73.4+3.6°F）。在进行测试前，测试件应在此温度下保持至少3小时。对大气湿度敏感的样品应调节大气压，并控制在50+5 %的相对湿度（RH%）下长达24小时。
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当试验在更高或者更低的温度条件下进行时， 样品在试验的条件保持一段时期，直到与测试室里温度一致。温度符合D 1349指定的要求，或通过用户和供应者双方协商并一致同意。
8.程序
8.1.根据7.1样品条件的要求。稍微用滑石粉擦抹试验样品的上表面和下表面。在水平的硬质表面上放置样品，并且降低放置样品的表面装置的底座。对柱塞施加压力，同时用较小力量施加在锯齿形的球体上，方向与样品垂直，保持5 秒钟。
8.2.如果量规符合IRHD要求，转动量规的玻璃框，将指针指向100(练习避免施加任何垂直方向的压力给量规)。将主要力量施加给柱塞并对球体保持压力30 秒钟 (注意事项3)。记录量规上显示的IRHD的硬度读数。
注意事项3--在负荷的过程中，轻微的振动仪器，克服任何形式的磨擦。.
8.3.如果测量装置采用英寸单位，记录30 秒钟范围内，由主要负荷应用引起的柱塞运动，如果使用型号为M的显微硬度检测器，将运动的标度因数增加为6。对照表格3把测得的数值转成IRHD，或在图表中标明。
8.4.如果测量装置采用公制单位，注意柱塞由另外锯齿形受力(主要负荷)引起不同凹口，尺寸 (精确到毫米百分位)变化。如果使用的显微硬度的检测器的型号为M, 按照表格3的要求, 将运动的标度因数增加为6。型号为S1 和S2，表格3( b )型号为H, 表格3(c)型号为L . 对照表格3（a-c）把测得的数值转成IRHD或在图表中标明。
8.5.在样品平均分配的3 或者5 个不同点中测量尺寸。取显示装置测量的最接近IRHD的中间值，(模拟仪器的全部数值和电子仪表数值为0.1，如果采用该装备)，记录为硬度值结果。
5.1.4 Foot—A flat annular-shaped foot that is rigidly fas
tened to the penetration-measuring device and normal to the
axis of the plunger, and which during the test is forced against the specimen in order to determine accurately the position of the upper surface.
5.1.5 Vibrating Device—For example, an electrically oper¬ated buzzer, for gently vibrating the apparatus to overcome any slight friction; this should not
exceed 5 % of the minor load. This device may be omitted on apparatus without any friction.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 Tests intended to be comparable must be made on
specimens of the same thickness that have smooth, flat, and
parallel upper and lower surfaces. Up to three specimens may
be plied to obtain the required thickness. The dimensions of the
specimen depend on the test type being used to measure the
hardness.
6.2 Types S1 andS2—The Types S1 and S2 specimens shall
be between 8 and 10 mm in thickness. Nonstandard specimens
may be either thicker or thinner but in no case less than 2 mm
thick. The lateral dimensions of both standard and nonstandard
specimens shall be such that no test is made at a distance from
the edge of the specimen less than the appropriate distance
shown in Table 2.
6.3 Type M—The Type M specimen micro-hardness tests
shall be 2 6 0.5 mm in thickness. Nonstandard specimens may
be either thicker or thinner but in no case less than 1 mm thick.
The lateral dimensions of both standard and nonstandard
specimens shall be such that no test is made at a distance from
the edge of less than 2 mm. When specimens thicker than 4 mm
are tested on the micro tester because lateral dimensions or area
of flatness do not permit testing on a standard tester, the test
shall be made at a distance from the edge as great as possible.
Curved specimens, for example, O-rings, may be tested with
TABLE 2 Minimum Distance from Edge of Specimen at Which Test is Made (All types except M)
Total Thickness of Specimen Minimum Distance from Edge
mm in. mm in.
4 0.16 7.0 0.28
6 0.25 8.0 0.31
8 0.3 9.0 0.35
10 0.4 10.0 0.40
15 0.6 11.5 0.45
25 1.0 13.0 0.50
the micro-hardness tester if the specimens are mounted in such a manner as to prevent movement during the test, but the values obtained may not be comparable to those obtained with flat specimens.
6.4 Type L—The Type L specimens shall be 10 to 15 mm in
thickness. Standard specimens may be either thicker or thinner
but in no case less than 2 mm. Nonstandard specimens may be
either thicker or thinner but in no case less than 6 mm. The
lateral dimensions of both standard and nonstandard specimens
shall be such that no test is made at a distance from the edge
of the specimen less than the appropriate distance shown in
Table 2.
6.5 Type H—Refer to 6.2 (Types S1 and S2).
7. Test Temperature
7.1 The test shall be normally carried out at 23 6 2°C (73.4 ± 3.6°F). The specimens shall be maintained at the test temperature for at least 3 h
immediately prior to testing. Specimens that are sensitive to atmospheric moisture shall be conditioned in an atmosphere controlled to 50 6 5 % relative
humidity (RH%) for at least 24 h. When tests are made at
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higher or lower temperatures, the specimens shall be main¬tained at the conditions of test for a period of time sufficient to reach temperature equilibrium with the testing chamber, and the temperatures shall be chosen from those specified in Practice D 1349, or as otherwise agreed upon between cus¬tomer and supplier.
8. Procedure
8.1 Condition the specimen in accordance with 7.1. Slightly
dust the upper and lower surfaces of the test specimen with
talc. Support the specimen on a horizontal rigid surface, and
lower the foot to rest on the surface of the specimen. Press the
plunger, with the minor force on the indenting ball, vertically
onto the specimen for 5 s.
8.2 If the gage is graduated directly in IRHD, turn the bezel
of the gage so that the pointer indicates 100 (exercise care to
avoid exerting any vertical pressure on the gage). Add the
major force to the plunger and maintain the total force on the
ball for 30 s (Note 3). Record the reading on the gage as the
hardness in IRHD.
NOTE 3—During the loading periods, the apparatus shall be gently vibrated to overcome any friction.
8.3 If the measuring device is graduated in inch units, record
the movement of the plunger caused by application of the
major load for 30 s. If the Type M micro-hardness tester is
used, multiply this movement by the scale factor of 6. Convert
the value obtained into IRHD by using Table 3 or a graph
constructed therefrom.
8.4 If the measuring device is graduated in metric units, the
differential indentation, D, (in hundredths of a millimetre) of
the plunger caused by the additional indenting force (the major
load) for 30 s, shall be noted. If the Type M micro-hardness
tester is used, multiply this movement by the scale factor of 6,
as given in Table 3 (a) for Types S1 and S2, Table 3 (b) for
Type H, and Table 3 (c) for Type L. Convert the value obtained
into IRHD by using Table 3 (a-c) or a graph constructed
therefrom.
8.5 Make one measurement at each of three or five different
points distributed evenly over the specimen. Take the median
of these measurements rounded to the nearest displayed unit of
IRHD (whole numbers for analog instruments and 0.1 units for
digital instruments, if so equipped), and record the result as the
hardness value.
2013.1.2